Research and commentary (by JEL classification) | The Treasury New Zealand

Working Papers, Policy Perspectives Papers and Treasury Papers listed by JEL (Journal of Economic Literature) classification number.

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A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

Population Ageing in New Zealand: The Impact on Living Standards and the Optimal Rate of Saving with a Flexible Real Exchange Rate (WP 03/34)
Working paper
Theories of the Family and Policy (WP 04/02)
Working paper

A32 - Collective Volumes

Population Ageing in New Zealand: The Impact on Living Standards and the Optimal Rate of Saving with a Flexible Real Exchange Rate (WP 03/34)
Working paper
Theories of the Family and Policy (WP 04/02)
Working paper

B49 - Economic Methodology: Other

C10 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

Measuring Economic Growth in New Zealand (WP 02/14)
Working paper

C13 - Estimation: General

Estimating a New Zealand NAIRU (WP 04/10)
Working paper

C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General

Understanding Changes in the Distribution of Household Incomes in New Zealand between 1983-86 and 1995-98 (WP 01/21)
Working paper

C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General

Discrete Hours Labour Supply Modelling: Specification, Estimation and Simulation (WP 03/20)
Working paper

C19 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other

Income Mobility in New Zealand: A Descriptive Analysis (WP 14/15)
Working paper

C20 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General

Golden Years - Understanding the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (WP 21/01)
Working paper

C22 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

A Structural VAR Model of the New Zealand Business Cycle (WP 02/26)
Working paper
Estimating a New Zealand NAIRU (WP 04/10)
Working paper
Growth and Volatility Regime Switching Models for New Zealand GDP Data (WP 02/08)
Working paper
The Impact of Monetary Policy on New Zealand Business Cycles and Inflation Variability (WP 03/09)
Working paper

C23 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models

A Preliminary Analysis of the Dynamics of Individual Market and Disposable Incomes (WP 00/15)
Working paper
Financing New Zealand Superannuation (WP 01/20)
Working paper

C25 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

C30 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General

Survey Reweighting for Tax Microsimulation Modelling (WP 03/17)
Working paper

C32 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

An Empirical Investigation of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 06/08)
Working paper
Empirical evidence on growth spillovers from China to New Zealand (WP 13/17)
Working paper
Estimating New Zealand's Output Gap Using a Small Macro Model (WP 13/18)
Working paper
The Effects of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand: Evidence from a VAR Model with Debt Constraints (WP 13/02)
Working paper
The Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending Shocks in New Zealand (WP 21/02)
Working paper

C42 - Classification Discontinued 2008. See C83.

Reweighting the New Zealand Household Economic Survey for Tax Microsimulation Modelling (WP 03/33)
Working paper
Survey Reweighting for Tax Microsimulation Modelling (WP 03/17)
Working paper

C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation; Leading indicators

Measuring Productivity using the Index Number Approach: An Introduction (WP 04/05)
Working paper
Productivity in New Zealand 1988-2002 (WP 03/06)
Working paper

C50 - Econometric Modeling: General

Discrete Hours Labour Supply Modelling: Specification, Estimation and Simulation (WP 03/20)
Working paper

C51 - Model Construction and Estimation

A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of the New Zealand Economy (WP 02/07)
Working paper
A Structural VAR Approach to Estimating Budget Balance Targets (WP 01/11)
Working paper
An Econometric Analysis of a Production Function for New Zealand (WP 01/31)
Working paper

C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection

Can Population Projections be Used for Sensitivity Tests on Policy Models? (WP 03/07)
Working paper

C53 - Forecasting Models; Simulation Methods

An Analysis of Tax Revenue Forecast Errors (WP 07/02)
Working paper
An Efficient Application of the Extended Path Algorithm in Matlab with Examples (WP 22/02)
Working paper
Estimating New Zealand's Output Gap Using a Small Macro Model (WP 13/18)
Working paper
Geometric Return and Portfolio Analysis (WP 03/28)
Working paper
How Many Jobs? A Leading Indicator Model of New Zealand Employment (WP 02/13)
Working paper
Population Ageing and Government Health Expenditures in New Zealand, 1951-2051 (WP 04/14)
Working paper

C55 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis

Characteristics of Children at Greater Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults (AP 16/01)
Analytical paper
Research Using Administrative Data to Support the Work of the Expert Panel on Modernising Child, Youth and Family (AP 16/03)
Analytical paper
Using IDI Data to Estimate Fiscal Impacts of Better Social Sector Performance (AP 16/04)
Analytical paper
Using Integrated Administrative Data to Identify Youth Who are at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults (AP 15/02)
Analytical paper
Using Integrated Administrative Data to Understand Children at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Young Adults (AP 15/01)
Analytical paper

C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

An Efficient Application of the Extended Path Algorithm in Matlab with Examples (WP 22/02)
Working paper
Survey Reweighting for Tax Microsimulation Modelling (WP 03/17)
Working paper

C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling

An Efficient Application of the Extended Path Algorithm in Matlab with Examples (WP 22/02)
Working paper

C67 - Input-Output Models

Changes in New Zealand's Production Structure: An Input Output Analysis (WP 03/01)
Working paper
Inter Industry Linkages in New Zealand (WP 02/09)
Working paper
New Zealand's Production Structure: An International Comparison (WP 03/16)
Working paper

C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models

An Introduction to the New Zealand Treasury Model (WP 09/02)
Working paper
Economy-Wide Impacts of Industry Policy (WP 12/05)
Working paper

C80 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General

Comparing the Household Economic Survey to administrative records: An analysis of income and benefit receipt (AP 17/01)
Analytical paper

C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access

Sources of International Investment Data in the Integrated Data Infrastructure (WP 13/31)
Working paper
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note

C89 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other

Saving in New Zealand: Measurement and Trends (WP 02/02)
Working paper

D00 - Microeconomics: General

Institutions, Firms and Economic Growth (WP 04/19)
Working paper

D10 - Household Behavior: General

Discrete Hours Labour Supply Modelling: Specification, Estimation and Simulation (WP 03/20)
Working paper
KiwiSaver: An Initial Evaluation of the Impact on Retirement Saving (WP 11/04)
Working paper
Retirement Income Policy and National Savings (WP 13/28)
Working paper

D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory

Consumption Externalities and the Role of Government: The Case of Alcohol (WP 02/25)
Working paper
Food Expenditure and GST in New Zealand (WP 14/07)
Working paper

D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis

Modelling New Zealand Consumption Expenditure over the 1990s (WP 02/19)
Working paper
New Zealand Households and the 2008/09 Recession (WP 13/05)
Working paper
Pensions, Savings and Housing: A life-cycle Framework with Policy Simulations (WP 14/14)
Working paper

D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation

Alternative Distributions for Inequality and Poverty Comparisons (WP 13/11)
Working paper

D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance

D18 - Consumer Protection

Saving Rates of New Zealanders: A Net Wealth Approach (WP 09/04)
Working paper

D19 - Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other

Healthy, Wealthy and Working: Retirement Decisions of Older New Zealanders (WP 10/02)
Working paper
Household Saving Behaviour in New Zealand: A Cohort Analysis (WP 01/18)
Working paper
Population Ageing in New Zealand: The Impact on Living Standards and the Optimal Rate of Saving with a Flexible Real Exchange Rate (WP 03/34)
Working paper
Theories of the Family and Policy (WP 04/02)
Working paper

D20 - Production and Organizations: General

Barriers to Generating International Income: Evidence from the Business Operations Survey (WP 16/04)
Working paper
Institutions, Firms and Economic Growth (WP 04/19)
Working paper

D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory

Export performance, invoice currency, and heterogeneous exchange rate pass-through (WP 13/03)
Working paper
Firm Dynamics in New Zealand: A Comparative Analysis with OECD Countries (WP 04/11)
Working paper
Foreign Acquisition and the Performance of New Zealand Firms (WP 11/06)
Working paper
Growing Pains: New Zealand Qualitative Evidence on Hurdles to Exporting Growth (WP 02/10)
Working paper
Multi-Product Exporters and Product Turnover Behaviour of New Zealand Exporters (WP 09/01)
Working paper
The Contributions from Firm Entry, Exit and Continuation to Labour Productivity Growth in New Zealand (WP 05/01)
Working paper
Toward a Model of Firm Productivity Dynamics (WP 06/11)
Working paper
Work and Family Balance: An Economic View (WP 03/26)
Working paper
Workplace Skills, Technology Adoption and Firm Productivity: A Review (WP 04/16)
Working paper

D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis

D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

Property Rights and Environmental Policy: A New Zealand Perspective (WP 03/02)
Working paper
Protection Against Government Takings: Compensation for Regulation? (WP 02/18)
Working paper
Theory vs Reality: Making Environmental Use Rights Work in New Zealand (WP 04/06)
Working paper

D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity

Firm Productivity Growth and the Knowledge of New Workers (WP 22/01)
Working paper
Measuring Productivity using the Index Number Approach: An Introduction (WP 04/05)
Working paper
New Zealand's Venture Capital Market (WP 00/19)
Working paper
Returns to Scale, Technical Progress and Total Factor Productivity Growth in New Zealand Industries (WP 05/04)
Working paper
Workplace Skills, Technology Adoption and Firm Productivity: A Review (WP 04/16)
Working paper

D29 - Production and Organizations: Other

Managing for Outcomes in the New Zealand Public Management System (WP 04/15)
Working paper

D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

Adult Equivalence Scales, Inequality and Poverty in New Zealand (WP 04/21)
Working paper
Alternative Distributions for Inequality and Poverty Comparisons (WP 13/11)
Working paper
Estimating the Distribution of Wealth in New Zealand (WP 23/01)
Working paper
Fiscal incidence in New Zealand: The effects of taxes and benefits on household incomes in tax year 2018/19 (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Health and Wealth (WP10/05)
Working paper
Healthy, Wealthy and Working: Retirement Decisions of Older New Zealanders (WP 10/02)
Working paper
Household Debt in New Zealand (WP 09/03)
Working paper
Household Incomes in New Zealand: The impact of the Market, Taxes and Government Spending, 1987/88-1997/98 (WP 04/20)
Working paper
Housing in the Household Portfolio and Implications for Retirement Saving: Some Initial Finding from SOFIE (WP 07/04)
Working paper
Income Mobility in New Zealand: A Descriptive Analysis (WP 14/15)
Working paper
Insights from New Zealand child poverty data (AN 22/04)
Analytical note
Intergenerational Smoothing of New Zealand's Future Fiscal Costs (WP 13/12)
Working paper
Interpreting inequality measures and changes in inequality (WP 14/20)
Working paper
Poverty, Income Inequality and Health (WP 01/29)
Working paper
Saving for Retirement: New Evidence for New Zealand (WP 04/12)
Working paper
Saving Rates of New Zealanders: A Net Wealth Approach (WP 09/04)
Working paper
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note
The Changes in New Zealand's Income Distribution (WP 00/13)
Working paper
Trends in the household income distribution: 2007-2021 (AN 23/01)
Analytical note
Understanding Changes in the Distribution of Household Incomes in New Zealand between 1983-86 and 1995-98 (WP 01/21)
Working paper
Women's Retirement Incomes in New Zealand: A Household Bargaining Approach (WP 04/22)
Working paper

D57 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions in New Zealand: A Minimum Disruption Approach (WP 04/25)
Working paper
Carbon Taxation, Prices and Household Welfare in New Zealand (WP 04/23)
Working paper

D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

Economy-Wide Impacts of Industry Policy (WP 12/05)
Working paper

D60 - Welfare Economics: General

D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

Adult Equivalence Scales, Inequality and Poverty in New Zealand (WP 04/21)
Working paper
Alternative Distributions for Inequality and Poverty Comparisons (WP 13/11)
Working paper
Income Mobility in New Zealand: A Descriptive Analysis (WP 14/15)
Working paper
Insights from New Zealand child poverty data (AN 22/04)
Analytical note
Interpreting inequality measures and changes in inequality (WP 14/20)
Working paper
Poverty, Income Inequality and Health (WP 01/29)
Working paper
Taxation, Reranking and Equivalence Scales (WP 03/11)
Working paper
The Effects on New Zealand Households of an Increase in the Petrol Excise Tax (WP 04/01)
Working paper
The Marginal Welfare Cost of Personal Income Taxation in New Zealand (WP 17/01)
Working paper
The Role of Value Judgements in Measuring Inequality (WP 14/13)
Working paper
Trends in the household income distribution: 2007-2021 (AN 23/01)
Analytical note

D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

Greening the WTO's Disputes Settlement Understanding: Opportunities and Risks (WP 01/28)
Working paper
Modelling the Effect of Population Ageing on Government Social Expenditures (WP 03/15)
Working paper
Three Steps Towards More Effective Development Assistance (WP 01/26)
Working paper

D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

A Case Study in Devolution: The Problem of Preserving Kiwi Habitat in the Far North (WP 98/07a)
Working paper
Managing for Outcomes in the New Zealand Public Management System (WP 04/15)
Working paper
Striking a Balance: Centralised and Decentralised Decisions in Government (WP 02/15)
Working paper

D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

Tax Policy with Uncertain Future Costs: Some Simple Models (WP 13/07)
Working paper

D84 - Expectations; Speculations

Geometric Return and Portfolio Analysis (WP 03/28)
Working paper

D90 - Intertemporal Choice: General

Tax Policy with Uncertain Future Costs: Some Simple Models (WP 13/07)
Working paper

D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving

Housing in the Household Portfolio and Implications for Retirement Saving: Some Initial Finding from SOFIE (WP 07/04)
Working paper
Intergenerational Developments in Household Saving Behaviour (WP 14/23)
Working paper
KiwiSaver: An Initial Evaluation of the Impact on Retirement Saving (WP 11/04)
Working paper
KiwiSaver: Comparing Survey and Administrative Data (WP 14/06)
Working paper
Modelling New Zealand Consumption Expenditure over the 1990s (WP 02/19)
Working paper
Retirement Income Policy and National Savings (WP 13/28)
Working paper
Saving Rates of New Zealanders: A Net Wealth Approach (WP 09/04)
Working paper
The Effect of Public Pension Eligibility Age on Household Saving: Evidence from a New Zealand Natural Experiment (WP 14/21)
Working paper

E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts

Estimating the Distribution of Wealth in New Zealand (WP 23/01)
Working paper
Examining New Zealand’s increased rate of income growth between the late 1990s and 2019 (AN 23/04)
Analytical note
New Zealand's Productivity Performance: Taking a Broader View (AN 22/05)
Analytical note

E03 - Behavioral Macroeconomics

Insights from New Zealand child poverty data (AN 22/04)
Analytical note
Trends in the household income distribution: 2007-2021 (AN 23/01)
Analytical note

E10 - General Aggregative Models: General

A Comparison of the NZTM and FPS Models of the NZ Economy (WP 03/25)
Working paper

E13 - General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical

Background Paper for the 2021 Statement on the Long-term Fiscal Position: Shocks and Scenarios Analysis Using a Stochastic Neoclassical Growth Model
Background paper

E17 - General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

A Comparison of the NZTM and FPS Models of the NZ Economy (WP 03/25)
Working paper
An Analysis of Tax Revenue Forecast Errors (WP 07/02)
Working paper
An Introduction to the New Zealand Treasury Model (WP 09/02)
Working paper
Background Paper for the 2021 Statement on the Long-term Fiscal Position: Shocks and Scenarios Analysis Using a Stochastic Neoclassical Growth Model
Background paper
Can Population Projections be Used for Sensitivity Tests on Policy Models? (WP 03/07)
Working paper

E20 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General (includes Measurement and Data)

Population Ageing, Productivity and Policies: A survey with implications for New Zealand (WP 13/21)
Working paper

E21 - Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth

Does Consumer Confidence Forecast Consumption Expenditure in New Zealand? (WP 03/22)
Working paper
Economic Imbalances: New Zealand's Structural Challenge (WP 11/03)
Working paper
Estimating the Distribution of Wealth in New Zealand (WP 23/01)
Working paper
Estimation of Labour Supply in New Zealand (WP 14/08)
Working paper
Household net wealth: an international comparison (WP 01/19)
Working paper
Household Saving Behaviour in New Zealand: A Cohort Analysis (WP 01/18)
Working paper
Household Saving Behaviour in New Zealand: Why do Cohorts Behave Differently? (WP 03/32)
Working paper
Insights from New Zealand child poverty data (AN 22/04)
Analytical note
Intergenerational Developments in Household Saving Behaviour (WP 14/23)
Working paper
Intergenerational Smoothing of New Zealand's Future Fiscal Costs (WP 13/12)
Working paper
KiwiSaver and the Accumulation of Net Wealth (WP 14/22)
Working paper
KiwiSaver: An Initial Evaluation of the Impact on Retirement Saving (WP 11/04)
Working paper
KiwiSaver: Comparing Survey and Administrative Data (WP 14/06)
Working paper
Measuring Saving Rates in New Zealand: An Update (WP 13/04)
Working paper
Modelling New Zealand Consumption Expenditure over the 1990s (WP 02/19)
Working paper
New Zealand's Current Account Deficit: Analysis Based on the Intertemporal Optimisation Approach (WP 01/02)
Working paper
Options to Narrow New Zealand's Saving - Investment Imbalance (WP 14/17)
Working paper
Population Ageing in New Zealand - Implications for Living Standards and the Optimal Rate of Saving (WP 03/10)
Working paper
Retirement Income Policy and National Savings (WP 13/28)
Working paper
Saving and Growth in an Open Economy (WP 01/32)
Working paper
Saving in New Zealand: Measurement and Trends (WP 02/02)
Working paper
Saving Rates of New Zealanders: A Net Wealth Approach (WP 09/04)
Working paper
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note
The Effect of Public Pension Eligibility Age on Household Saving: Evidence from a New Zealand Natural Experiment (WP 14/21)
Working paper
To Save or Save Not: Intergenerational Neutrality and the Expansion of New Zealand Superannuation (WP 14/02)
Working paper
Trends in the household income distribution: 2007-2021 (AN 23/01)
Analytical note

E23 - Macroeconomics: Production

A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of the New Zealand Economy (WP 02/07)
Working paper
An Econometric Analysis of a Production Function for New Zealand (WP 01/31)
Working paper
Calm After the Storm? Supply-side Contributions to New Zealand's GDP Volatility Decline (WP 01/33)
Working paper
Capital Shallowness: A Problem for New Zealand? (WP 05/05)
Working paper
Growth and Volatility Regime Switching Models for New Zealand GDP Data (WP 02/08)
Working paper
Measuring Productivity using the Index Number Approach: An Introduction (WP 04/05)
Working paper
Multi-Product Exporters and Product Turnover Behaviour of New Zealand Exporters (WP 09/01)
Working paper

E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

Capital Shallowness: A Problem for New Zealand? (WP 05/05)
Working paper
Estimating a New Zealand NAIRU (WP 04/10)
Working paper
Examining New Zealand’s increased rate of income growth between the late 1990s and 2019 (AN 23/04)
Analytical note
New Zealand's Productivity Performance: Taking a Broader View (AN 22/05)
Analytical note

E27 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

Does Consumer Confidence Forecast Consumption Expenditure in New Zealand? (WP 03/22)
Working paper
Modelling New Zealand Consumption Expenditure over the 1990s (WP 02/19)
Working paper
Treasury's Forecasting Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison (WP 06/10)
Working paper

E29 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Other

Economy-Wide Impacts of Industry Policy (WP 12/05)
Working paper

E30 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data)

Decomposing New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 15/16)
Working paper
Past, Present and Future Developments in New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 06/09)
Working paper

E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

Estimating a New Zealand NAIRU (WP 04/10)
Working paper
Estimating New Zealand's Output Gap Using a Small Macro Model (WP 13/18)
Working paper

E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

An Empirical Investigation of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 06/08)
Working paper
Asymmetric Information, Financial Intermediation and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: A Critical Review (WP 03/19)
Working paper
Calm After the Storm? Supply-side Contributions to New Zealand's GDP Volatility Decline (WP 01/33)
Working paper
Economic Imbalances: New Zealand's Structural Challenge (WP 11/03)
Working paper
Empirical evidence on growth spillovers from China to New Zealand (WP 13/17)
Working paper
Estimating New Zealand's Output Gap Using a Small Macro Model (WP 13/18)
Working paper
Growth and Volatility Regime Switching Models for New Zealand GDP Data (WP 02/08)
Working paper
Parameter Uncertainty and the Fiscal Multiplier (WP 13/19)
Working paper
The Effects of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand: Evidence from a VAR Model with Debt Constraints (WP 13/02)
Working paper
The Impact of Monetary Policy on New Zealand Business Cycles and Inflation Variability (WP 03/09)
Working paper
The Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending Shocks in New Zealand (WP 21/02)
Working paper

E37 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

An Efficient Application of the Extended Path Algorithm in Matlab with Examples (WP 22/02)
Working paper
How Many Jobs? A Leading Indicator Model of New Zealand Employment (WP 02/13)
Working paper
Treasury's Forecasting Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison (WP 06/10)
Working paper

E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects

Long-run trends in New Zealand’s real neutral interest rate (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Parameter Uncertainty and the Fiscal Multiplier (WP 13/19)
Working paper
Why are Real Interest Rates in New Zealand so High? Evidence and Drivers (WP 10/09)
Working paper

E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

A Structural VAR Model of the New Zealand Business Cycle (WP 02/26)
Working paper
Asymmetric Information, Financial Intermediation and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: A Critical Review (WP 03/19)
Working paper
Capital Shallowness: A Problem for New Zealand? (WP 05/05)
Working paper
Saving and Growth in an Open Economy (WP 01/32)
Working paper

E47 - Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

An Efficient Application of the Extended Path Algorithm in Matlab with Examples (WP 22/02)
Working paper

E50 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General

Asymmetric Information, Financial Intermediation and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: A Critical Review (WP 03/19)
Working paper

E52 - Monetary Policy

Fiscal and monetary policy interaction at the effective lower bound (AN 22/01)
Analytical note
Long-run trends in New Zealand’s real neutral interest rate (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Macroeconomic Policy in New Zealand: From the Great Inflation to the Global Financial Crisis (WP 13/30)
Working paper
The Impact of Monetary Policy on New Zealand Business Cycles and Inflation Variability (WP 03/09)
Working paper
The impact of New Zealand’s macroeconomic frameworks on living standards (AN 22/02)
Analytical note

E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies

The Impact of Monetary Policy on New Zealand Business Cycles and Inflation Variability (WP 03/09)
Working paper

E60 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General

Manual for the Long Term Fiscal Model (WP 00/02)
Working paper

E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

Economy-Wide Impacts of Industry Policy (WP 12/05)
Working paper
Enhancing the role of fiscal policy in New Zealand’s macroeconomic stabilisation (WP 23/02)
Working paper
Long-run trends in New Zealand’s real neutral interest rate (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Population Ageing and Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 02/28)
Working paper
Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 08/02)
Working paper
Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 13/06)
Working paper
The impact of New Zealand’s macroeconomic frameworks on living standards (AN 22/02)
Analytical note
The Requirements for Long-Run Fiscal Sustainability (WP 13/20)
Working paper
Three Policy Options for Crown Financial Policy (WP 03/30)
Working paper

E62 - Fiscal Policy

A Structural VAR Approach to Estimating Budget Balance Targets (WP 01/11)
Working paper
An Empirical Investigation of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 06/08)
Working paper
Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers: Implications for New Zealand (WP 01/10)
Working paper
Background Paper for the 2021 Statement on the Long-term Fiscal Position: Shocks and Scenarios Analysis Using a Stochastic Neoclassical Growth Model
Background paper
Budget Management That Counts: Recent Approaches to Budget and Fiscal Management in New Zealand (WP 01/24)
Working paper
Can Automatic Tax Increases Pay for the Public Spending Effects of Population Ageing in New Zealand? (WP 13/22)
Working paper
Challenges and Choices: Modelling New Zealand's Long-term Fiscal Position (WP 10/01)
Working paper
Debt Projections and Fiscal Sustainability with Feedback Effects (WP 15/11)
Working paper
Enhancing the role of fiscal policy in New Zealand’s macroeconomic stabilisation (WP 23/02)
Working paper
Estimating New Zealand's Structural Budget Balance (WP 10/08)
Working paper
Estimating the Cyclically- and Absorption-adjusted Fiscal Balance for New Zealand (WP 15/09)
Working paper
Fiscal and monetary policy interaction at the effective lower bound (AN 22/01)
Analytical note
Fiscal Institutions in New Zealand and the Question of a Spending Cap (WP 10/07)
Working paper
Government and economic growth: Does size matter? (TP11/01)
Treasury paper
Indicators of Fiscal Impulse for New Zealand (WP 02/30)
Working paper
Long-run trends in New Zealand’s real neutral interest rate (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Long-term Fiscal Projections and their Relationship with the Intertemporal Budget Constraint: An Application to New Zealand (WP 02/04)
Working paper
Macroeconomic Policy in New Zealand: From the Great Inflation to the Global Financial Crisis (WP 13/30)
Working paper
Modelling the Effect of Population Ageing on Government Social Expenditures (WP 03/15)
Working paper
New Zealand's Fiscal Policy Framework: Experience and Evolution (WP 01/25)
Working paper
Parameter Uncertainty and the Fiscal Multiplier (WP 13/19)
Working paper
Population Ageing, Productivity and Policies: A survey with implications for New Zealand (WP 13/21)
Working paper
Returning to Surplus: New Zealand's Post-GFC Fiscal Consolidation Experience (WP 16/05)
Working paper
Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 08/02)
Working paper
The Effects of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand: Evidence from a VAR Model with Debt Constraints (WP 13/02)
Working paper
The impact of New Zealand’s macroeconomic frameworks on living standards (AN 22/02)
Analytical note
The Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending Shocks in New Zealand (WP 21/02)
Working paper
The Requirements for Long-Run Fiscal Sustainability (WP 13/20)
Working paper
Working Towards Higher Living Standards for New Zealanders (TP11/02)
Treasury paper

E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

A Comparison of the NZTM and FPS Models of the NZ Economy (WP 03/25)
Working paper
Fiscal and monetary policy interaction at the effective lower bound (AN 22/01)
Analytical note
Macroeconomic Policy in New Zealand: From the Great Inflation to the Global Financial Crisis (WP 13/30)
Working paper
Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 08/02)
Working paper
The impact of New Zealand’s macroeconomic frameworks on living standards (AN 22/02)
Analytical note

E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

Modelling Shocks to New Zealand's Fiscal Position (WP 11/02)
Working paper
Returning to Surplus: New Zealand's Post-GFC Fiscal Consolidation Experience (WP 16/05)
Working paper

F00 - International Economics: General

A Gravity Model of Barriers to Trade in New Zealand (WP 14/05)
Working paper
Economic Regulation of Network Industries (WP 00/05)
Working paper
Finland and New Zealand: A Cross-Country Comparison of Economic Performance (WP 00/01)
Working paper
Trade and Migration to New Zealand (WP 04/18)
Working paper

F01 - Global Outlook

Poverty, Income Inequality and Health (WP 01/29)
Working paper

F02 - International Economic Order and Integration

Long-term Consequences of Russia-Ukraine War - a Tipping Point? (AN 22/03)
Analytical note

F10 - Trade: General

A Gravity Model of Barriers to Trade in New Zealand (WP 14/05)
Working paper
Barriers to Generating International Income: Evidence from the Business Operations Survey (WP 16/04)
Working paper
Decomposing New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 15/16)
Working paper
Past, Present and Future Developments in New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 06/09)
Working paper
Trade and Migration to New Zealand (WP 04/18)
Working paper

F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

Geography, Trade and Growth Problems and Possibilities for the New Zealand Economy (WP 03/03)
Working paper

F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade

A Gravity Model of Barriers to Trade in New Zealand (WP 14/05)
Working paper
China's recent growth and its impact on the New Zealand economy (WP 13/15)
Working paper
Decomposing New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 15/16)
Working paper
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and the Margins of Exports (WP 15/08)
Working paper
Export performance, invoice currency, and heterogeneous exchange rate pass-through (WP 13/03)
Working paper
Growing Pains: New Zealand Qualitative Evidence on Hurdles to Exporting Growth (WP 02/10)
Working paper
The Outlook for China's Growth and its Impact on New Zealand Exports (WP 13/16)
Working paper
Trade and Migration to New Zealand (WP 04/18)
Working paper

F15 - Economic Integration

Global Connectedness and Bilateral Economic Linkages - Which Countries? (WP 04/09)
Working paper

F17 - Trade: Forecasting and Simulation

Decomposing New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 15/16)
Working paper

F18 - Trade and Environment

Greening the WTO's Disputes Settlement Understanding: Opportunities and Risks (WP 01/28)
Working paper

F21 - International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements

F22 - International Migration

Brain Drain or Brain Exchange? (WP 01/22)
Working paper
Global Connectedness and Bilateral Economic Linkages - Which Countries? (WP 04/09)
Working paper
Go West, Young Man, Go West!? (WP 01/07)
Working paper
Income and Occupational Intergenerational Mobility in New Zealand (WP 10/06)
Working paper
Migration and Economic Growth: A 21st Century Perspective (WP 06/02)
Working paper
Migration and Macroeconomic Performance in New Zealand: Theory and Evidence (WP 14/10)
Working paper
New Zealand's Diaspora and Overseas-born Population (WP 04/13)
Working paper
Trade and Migration to New Zealand (WP 04/18)
Working paper

F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business

Earnings and employment in foreign-owned firms (WP 14/16)
Working paper
Foreign Acquisition and the Performance of New Zealand Firms (WP 11/06)
Working paper
Sources of International Investment Data in the Integrated Data Infrastructure (WP 13/31)
Working paper

F30 - International Finance: General

The Contribution of Foreign Borrowing to the New Zealand Economy (WP 08/03)
Working paper
US Monetary Policy, Global Risk Aversion, and New Zealand Funding Conditions (WP 18/04)
Working paper

F31 - Foreign Exchange

Exchange Rate Fluctuations and the Margins of Exports (WP 15/08)
Working paper
Export performance, invoice currency, and heterogeneous exchange rate pass-through (WP 13/03)
Working paper
How Does the Exchange Rate Affect the Real Economy? A Literature Survey (WP 13/26)
Working paper
New Zealand's Exchange Rate Cycles: Evidence and Drivers
Working paper
New Zealand's Exchange Rate Cycles: Impacts and Policy (WP 11/01)
Working paper

F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements

F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

Parameter Uncertainty and the Fiscal Multiplier (WP 13/19)
Working paper

F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems

Economic Imbalances: New Zealand's Structural Challenge (WP 11/03)
Working paper

F35 - Foreign Aid

Three Steps Towards More Effective Development Assistance (WP 01/26)
Working paper

F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics

A Structural VAR Model of the New Zealand Business Cycle (WP 02/26)
Working paper
Examining the Elasticity of New Zealand's Current Account to the Real Exchange Rate (WP 14/12)
Working paper
How Does the Exchange Rate Affect the Real Economy? A Literature Survey (WP 13/26)
Working paper
Past, Present and Future Developments in New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 06/09)
Working paper

F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies

China's recent growth and its impact on the New Zealand economy (WP 13/15)
Working paper
Empirical evidence on growth spillovers from China to New Zealand (WP 13/17)
Working paper
Global Connectedness and Bilateral Economic Linkages - Which Countries? (WP 04/09)
Working paper
How Does the Exchange Rate Affect the Real Economy? A Literature Survey (WP 13/26)
Working paper
Past, Present and Future Developments in New Zealand's Terms of Trade (WP 06/09)
Working paper
The Outlook for China's Growth and its Impact on New Zealand Exports (WP 13/16)
Working paper

F50 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: General

Long-term Consequences of Russia-Ukraine War - a Tipping Point? (AN 22/03)
Analytical note

F60 - Economic Impacts of Globalization: General

Long-term Consequences of Russia-Ukraine War - a Tipping Point? (AN 22/03)
Analytical note

G00 - Financial Economics: General

Economic Integration, Sovereignty and Identity: New Zealand in the Global Economy (WP 00/22)
Working paper
Securitisation: A Public Policy Tool? (WP 00/08)
Working paper

G01 - Financial Crises

Economic Imbalances: New Zealand's Structural Challenge (WP 11/03)
Working paper

G10 - General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)

Financial Systems and Economic Growth: An Evaluation Framework for Policy (WP 04/17)
Working paper
Geometric Return and Portfolio Analysis (WP 03/28)
Working paper

G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

Golden Years - Understanding the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (WP 21/01)
Working paper

G20 - Financial Institutions and Services: General

Financial Systems and Economic Growth: An Evaluation Framework for Policy (WP 04/17)
Working paper

G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

Towards Putting a Price on the Risk of Bank Failure (WP 15/03)
Working paper
US Monetary Policy, Global Risk Aversion, and New Zealand Funding Conditions (WP 18/04)
Working paper

G30 - Corporate Finance and Governance: General

Estimating firm-level effective tax rates and the user cost of capital in New Zealand [Revised version published 26 Nov 2014] (WP 13/29)
Working paper

G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity

Contemporary Microeconomic Foundations for the Structure and Management of the Public Sector (WP 12/01)
Working paper

G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

Improving the Management of the Crown’s Exposure to Risk
Working paper

G38 - Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation

Financial Systems and Economic Growth: An Evaluation Framework for Policy (WP 04/17)
Working paper
Towards Putting a Price on the Risk of Bank Failure (WP 15/03)
Working paper

H00 - Public Economics: General

Outcomes Focussed Management in New Zealand - A Background Paper (WP 01/05)
Working paper

H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

Consumption Externalities and the Role of Government: The Case of Alcohol (WP 02/25)
Working paper
Crown Financial Asset Management: Objectives and Practice (WP 01/12)
Working paper
Does Crown Financial Portfolio Composition Matter? (WP 01/34)
Working paper
Effective Tax Rates on Capital in New Zealand - Changes 1972-1998 (WP 99/12)
Working paper
Improving the Management of the Crown’s Exposure to Risk
Working paper
Objectives, Targets and Instruments for Crown Financial Policy (WP 03/21)
Working paper
Subsidiarity: Implications for New Zealand (WP 02/03)
Working paper
Three Policy Options for Crown Financial Policy (WP 03/30)
Working paper

H19 - Structure and Scope of Government: Other

Managing for Outcomes in the New Zealand Public Management System (WP 04/15)
Working paper
Striking a Balance: Centralised and Decentralised Decisions in Government (WP 02/15)
Working paper

H20 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General

Fiscal Policy, Growth and Convergence in Europe (WP 03/14)
Working paper
Inequality in New Zealand 1983/84 to 2013/14 (WP 15/06)
Working paper
Tax Policy with Uncertain Future Costs: Some Simple Models (WP 13/07)
Working paper
The impact of tax changes on the short-run investment behaviour of New Zealand firms (WP 15/05)
Working paper
The Marginal Welfare Cost of Personal Income Taxation in New Zealand (WP 17/01)
Working paper

H21 - Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

H22 - Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence

H23 - Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

Adult Equivalence Scales, Inequality and Poverty in New Zealand (WP 04/21)
Working paper
Carbon Taxation, Prices and Household Welfare in New Zealand (WP 04/23)
Working paper
Consumption Externalities and the Role of Government: The Case of Alcohol (WP 02/25)
Working paper
Equity and Efficiency Measures of Tax-Transfer Systems: Some Evidence for New Zealand (WP 08/04)
Working paper
Intergenerational contracts and time inconsistency: Implications for policy settings and governance in the social welfare system? (WP 13/25)
Working paper
Property Rights and Environmental Policy: A New Zealand Perspective (WP 03/02)
Working paper
The Role of Value Judgements in Measuring Inequality (WP 14/13)
Working paper
Theory vs Reality: Making Environmental Use Rights Work in New Zealand (WP 04/06)
Working paper

H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes

Average Marginal Income Tax Rates for New Zealand, 1907-2009 (WP 12/04)
Working paper
Equity and Efficiency Measures of Tax-Transfer Systems: Some Evidence for New Zealand (WP 08/04)
Working paper
Human Capital Policies and The Distribution of Income: A Framework for Analysis and Literature Review (WP 01/03)
Working paper
Income Tax Revenue Elasticities with Endogenous Labour Supply (WP 02/22)
Working paper
Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Growth (WP 01/13)
Working paper
Pensions, Savings and Housing: A life-cycle Framework with Policy Simulations (WP 14/14)
Working paper
Regression Estimates of the Elasticity of Taxable Income and the Choice of Instrument (WP 13/08)
Working paper
Revenue-Maximising Elasticities of Taxable Income in Multi-Rate Income Tax Structures (WP 13/27)
Working paper
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note
Tax Rates and Revenue Changes: Behavioural and Structural Factors (WP 11/05)
Working paper
The Elasticity of Taxable Income in New Zealand (WP 12/03)
Working paper
The Elasticity of Taxable Income, Welfare Changes and Optimal Tax Rates (WP 13/24)
Working paper

H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT)

An Analysis of a Cash Flow Tax for Small Business (WP 02/27)
Working paper
Estimating firm-level effective tax rates and the user cost of capital in New Zealand [Revised version published 26 Nov 2014] (WP 13/29)
Working paper
Financial Systems and Economic Growth: An Evaluation Framework for Policy (WP 04/17)
Working paper
Regulatory Harmonisation - Issues for New Zealand (WP 01/01)
Working paper

H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

H30 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General

Fiscal Policy, Growth and Convergence in Europe (WP 03/14)
Working paper
Population Ageing and the Efficiency of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 02/11)
Working paper
The Excess Burden of Taxation and Why it (Approximately) Quadruples When the Tax Rate Doubles (WP 03/29)
Working paper
The Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending Shocks in New Zealand (WP 21/02)
Working paper

H31 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household

Average Marginal Income Tax Rates for New Zealand, 1907-2009 (WP 12/04)
Working paper
Carbon Taxation, Prices and Household Welfare in New Zealand (WP 04/23)
Working paper
Food Expenditure and GST in New Zealand (WP 14/07)
Working paper
Income Tax Revenue Elasticities with Endogenous Labour Supply (WP 02/22)
Working paper
Labour Supply Incentives in Alternative Tax and Transfer Schemes: A Diagrammatic Introduction (WP 03/08)
Working paper
Pensions, Savings and Housing: A life-cycle Framework with Policy Simulations (WP 14/14)
Working paper
Regression Estimates of the Elasticity of Taxable Income and the Choice of Instrument (WP 13/08)
Working paper
Revenue-Maximising Elasticities of Taxable Income in Multi-Rate Income Tax Structures (WP 13/27)
Working paper
Tax Rates and Revenue Changes: Behavioural and Structural Factors (WP 11/05)
Working paper
The Effects on New Zealand Households of an Increase in the Petrol Excise Tax (WP 04/01)
Working paper
The Elasticity of Taxable Income in New Zealand (WP 12/03)
Working paper
The Elasticity of Taxable Income, Welfare Changes and Optimal Tax Rates (WP 13/24)
Working paper
The Marginal Welfare Cost of Personal Income Taxation in New Zealand (WP 17/01)
Working paper

H40 - Publicly Provided Goods: General

Contemporary Microeconomic Foundations for the Structure and Management of the Public Sector (WP 12/01)
Working paper
Regulatory Issues in Biosecurity (WP 01/23)
Working paper

H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate

Determining the Discount Rate for Government Projects (WP 02/21)
Working paper
Public Sector Discount Rates: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches (WP 17/02)
Working paper

H50 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General

Challenges and Choices: Modelling New Zealand's Long-term Fiscal Position (WP 10/01)
Working paper
Fiscal incidence in New Zealand: The effects of taxes and benefits on household incomes in tax year 2018/19 (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Investing in Well-being: An Analytical Framework (WP 02/23)
Working paper
Population Ageing and Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 02/28)
Working paper
Public Sector Discount Rates: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches (WP 17/02)
Working paper
Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 13/06)
Working paper

H51 - National Government Expenditures and Health

H52 - National Government Expenditures and Education

Publicly Financed Education in an Endogenous Growth Model (WP 02/24)
Working paper

H54 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

The Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending Shocks in New Zealand (WP 21/02)
Working paper

H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions

H60 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General

Indicators of Fiscal Impulse for New Zealand (WP 02/30)
Working paper
Long-term Fiscal Projections and their Relationship with the Intertemporal Budget Constraint: An Application to New Zealand (WP 02/04)
Working paper
Population Ageing and the Efficiency of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 02/11)
Working paper
The Built-in Flexibility of Income and Consumption Taxes in New Zealand (WP 03/05)
Working paper

H61 - National Budget; Budget Systems

A Structural VAR Approach to Estimating Budget Balance Targets (WP 01/11)
Working paper
Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers: Implications for New Zealand (WP 01/10)
Working paper
Budget Management That Counts: Recent Approaches to Budget and Fiscal Management in New Zealand (WP 01/24)
Working paper
Fiscal Institutions in New Zealand and the Question of a Spending Cap (WP 10/07)
Working paper
Government and economic growth: Does size matter? (TP11/01)
Treasury paper
New Zealand's Fiscal Policy Framework: Experience and Evolution (WP 01/25)
Working paper
Working Towards Higher Living Standards for New Zealanders (TP11/02)
Treasury paper

H62 - National Deficit; Surplus

Estimating New Zealand's Structural Budget Balance (WP 10/08)
Working paper
Estimating the Cyclically- and Absorption-adjusted Fiscal Balance for New Zealand (WP 15/09)
Working paper
Optimal Timing of Tax Policy in the Face of Projected Debt Increases (WP 16/02)
Working paper
Returning to Surplus: New Zealand's Post-GFC Fiscal Consolidation Experience (WP 16/05)
Working paper

H63 - National Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

Background Paper for the 2021 Statement on the Long-term Fiscal Position: Shocks and Scenarios Analysis Using a Stochastic Neoclassical Growth Model
Background paper
Crown Financial Asset Management: Objectives and Practice (WP 01/12)
Working paper
Does Crown Financial Portfolio Composition Matter? (WP 01/34)
Working paper
Objectives, Targets and Instruments for Crown Financial Policy (WP 03/21)
Working paper
Optimal Timing of Tax Policy in the Face of Projected Debt Increases (WP 16/02)
Working paper
Three Policy Options for Crown Financial Policy (WP 03/30)
Working paper

H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt

An Analysis of Tax Revenue Forecast Errors (WP 07/02)
Working paper
Optimal Timing of Tax Policy in the Face of Projected Debt Increases (WP 16/02)
Working paper

H69 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other

H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note
The Built-in Flexibility of Income and Consumption Taxes in New Zealand (WP 03/05)
Working paper

H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession

Effective Tax Rates on Capital in New Zealand - Changes 1972-1998 (WP 99/12)
Working paper
Subsidiarity: Implications for New Zealand (WP 02/03)
Working paper

H89 - Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other

Towards Putting a Price on the Risk of Bank Failure (WP 15/03)
Working paper

I10 - Health: General

Allocating Vote: Health - 'Needs Assessment' and an Economics-Based Approach (WP 00/04)
Working paper
Deprivation in New Zealand: Regional Patterns and Changes (WP 01/09)
Working paper
Health and Labour Force Participation (WP 10/03)
Working paper
Health and Retirement of Older New Zealanders (WP 12/02)
Working paper
Health and Wealth (WP10/05)
Working paper
The Cost of Ill Health (WP 10/04)
Working paper

I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets

I12 - Health Behavior

I18 - Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

Poverty, Income Inequality and Health (WP 01/29)
Working paper

I21 - Analysis of Education

I24 - Education and Inequality

Economic outcomes of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) (WP 15/01)
Working paper

I26 - Returns to Education

The Impact of Tertiary Study on the Labour Market Outcomes of Low-qualified School Leavers: An update (WP 18/03)
Working paper

I28 - Education: Government Policy

I29 - Education: Other

Education and Māori Relative Income Levels Over Time: The Mediating Effect of Occupation, Industry, Hours of Work and Locality (WP 02/17)
Working paper

I30 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General

A Preliminary Analysis of the Dynamics of Individual Market and Disposable Incomes (WP 00/15)
Working paper
The Changes in New Zealand's Income Distribution (WP 00/13)
Working paper
The Marginal Welfare Cost of Personal Income Taxation in New Zealand (WP 17/01)
Working paper
Understanding Changes in the Distribution of Household Incomes in New Zealand between 1983-86 and 1995-98 (WP 01/21)
Working paper

I31 - General Welfare; Well-Being

A Practical Approach to Well-being Based Policy Development: What Do New Zealanders Want from Their Retirement Income Policies? (WP 15/14)
Working paper
Adult Equivalence Scales, Inequality and Poverty in New Zealand (WP 04/21)
Working paper
Healthy, Wealthy and Wise? A Review of the Wider Benefits of Education (WP 04/04)
Working paper
Investing in Well-being: An Analytical Framework (WP 02/23)
Working paper
Outcomes Focussed Management in New Zealand - A Background Paper (WP 01/05)
Working paper
The Role of Value Judgements in Measuring Inequality (WP 14/13)
Working paper
Understanding the Growth in Welfare Benefit Receipt in Britain: A Review of the Evidence (WP 00/23)
Working paper
Work and Family Balance: An Economic View (WP 03/26)
Working paper

I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

I38 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

An Analysis of Benefit Flows in New Zealand Using a Social Accounting Framework (WP 13/01)
Working paper
Characteristics of Children at Greater Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults (AP 16/01)
Analytical paper
Evaluation of the impact of the Youth Service: NEET programme (WP 16/08)
Working paper
Evaluation of the impact of the Youth Service: Youth Payment and Young Parent Payment (WP 16/07)
Working paper
Fiscal incidence in New Zealand: The effects of taxes and benefits on household incomes in tax year 2018/19 (AN 23/05)
Analytical note
Intergenerational contracts and time inconsistency: Implications for policy settings and governance in the social welfare system? (WP 13/25)
Working paper
New Zealand's Family Assistance Tax Credits: Evolution and Operation (WP 02/16)
Working paper
New Zealand's Social Assistance System: Financial Incentives to Work (WP 03/18)
Working paper
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 2 Results (AN 23/03)
Analytical note
Tax and Transfer Progressivity in New Zealand: Part 1 Methodology (AN 23/02)
Analytical note
The effect of New Zealand Superannuation eligibility age on the labour force participation of older people (WP 05/09)
Working paper
Using IDI Data to Estimate Fiscal Impacts of Better Social Sector Performance (AP 16/04)
Analytical paper
Using Integrated Administrative Data to Identify Youth Who are at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults (AP 15/02)
Analytical paper
Using Integrated Administrative Data to Understand Children at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Young Adults (AP 15/01)
Analytical paper

I39 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Other

J08 - Labor Economics Policies

J10 - Demographic Economics: General

The Changing Gender Distribution of Paid and Unpaid Work in New Zealand (WP 05/07)
Working paper
Women’s participation in the labour force (WP 05/06)
Working paper

J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

An Analysis of Benefit Flows in New Zealand Using a Social Accounting Framework (WP 13/01)
Working paper
Can Population Projections be Used for Sensitivity Tests on Policy Models? (WP 03/07)
Working paper
Challenges and Choices: Modelling New Zealand's Long-term Fiscal Position (WP 10/01)
Working paper
Migration and Macroeconomic Performance in New Zealand: Theory and Evidence (WP 14/10)
Working paper
Modelling the Effect of Population Ageing on Government Social Expenditures (WP 03/15)
Working paper
Population Ageing and Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 02/28)
Working paper
Population Ageing in New Zealand - Implications for Living Standards and the Optimal Rate of Saving (WP 03/10)
Working paper
Population Ageing, Productivity and Policies: A survey with implications for New Zealand (WP 13/21)
Working paper
Social Expenditure in New Zealand: Stochastic Projections (WP 13/06)
Working paper
The Ageing of the New Zealand Population, 1881-2051 (WP 03/27)
Working paper

J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination

Health and Retirement of Older New Zealanders (WP 12/02)
Working paper
The Ageing of the New Zealand Population, 1881-2051 (WP 03/27)
Working paper
The Economics of Population Ageing (WP 02/05)
Working paper

J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination

J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

Gender Budgeting: A Useful Approach for Aotearoa New Zealand (WP 18/02)
Working paper
Women's Retirement Incomes in New Zealand: A Household Bargaining Approach (WP 04/22)
Working paper

J18 - Demographic Economics: Public Policy

Intergenerational Smoothing of New Zealand's Future Fiscal Costs (WP 13/12)
Working paper
The Economics of Population Ageing (WP 02/05)
Working paper

J19 - Demographic Economics: Other

New Zealand's Diaspora and Overseas-born Population (WP 04/13)
Working paper

J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

Estimation of Wage Equations for New Zealand (WP 14/09)
Working paper
Health and Retirement of Older New Zealanders (WP 12/02)
Working paper
Housing in the Household Portfolio and Implications for Retirement Saving: Some Initial Finding from SOFIE (WP 07/04)
Working paper
Labour Force Participation and GDP in New Zealand (WP 04/07)
Working paper
Qualifications, Employment and the Value of Human Capital, 1986-2001 (WP 03/35)
Working paper
The Changing Gender Distribution of Paid and Unpaid Work in New Zealand (WP 05/07)
Working paper
Wage and Employment Rates in New Zealand from 1991 to 2001 (WP 03/13)
Working paper
Women’s participation in the labour force (WP 05/06)
Working paper

J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

Health and Labour Force Participation (WP 10/03)
Working paper
Healthy, Wealthy and Working: Retirement Decisions of Older New Zealanders (WP 10/02)
Working paper
Income Tax Revenue Elasticities with Endogenous Labour Supply (WP 02/22)
Working paper
Labour Supply in New Zealand and the 2010 Tax and Transfer Changes (WP 15/13)
Working paper
New Zealand Labour Supply from 1991-2001: An Analysis Based on a Discrete Choice Structural Utility Model (WP 03/23)
Working paper
The Changing Gender Distribution of Paid and Unpaid Work in New Zealand (WP 05/07)
Working paper
The Cost of Ill Health (WP 10/04)
Working paper
Working for Families changes: The effect on labour supply in New Zealand (WP 14/18)
Working paper
Youth Minimum Wage Reform and the Labour Market (WP 04/03)
Working paper

J23 - Labor Demand

Youth Minimum Wage Reform and the Labour Market (WP 04/03)
Working paper

J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

Education and Māori Relative Income Levels Over Time: The Mediating Effect of Occupation, Industry, Hours of Work and Locality (WP 02/17)
Working paper
Ethnicity and Early Labour Market Experiences in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (WP 02/06)
Working paper
Firm Productivity Growth and the Knowledge of New Workers (WP 22/01)
Working paper
Human Capital Policies and The Distribution of Income: A Framework for Analysis and Literature Review (WP 01/03)
Working paper
Institutions, Firms and Economic Growth (WP 04/19)
Working paper
Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Growth (WP 01/13)
Working paper
Labour Force Participation and GDP in New Zealand (WP 04/07)
Working paper
Measures of Human Capital: A Review of the Literature (WP 05/10)
Working paper
Migration and Macroeconomic Performance in New Zealand: Theory and Evidence (WP 14/10)
Working paper
Private returns to tertiary education - How does New Zealand compare? (WP 13/10)
Working paper
Productivity, Capital-Intensity and Labour Quality at Sector Level in New Zealand and the UK (WP 07/01)
Working paper
Qualifications, Employment and the Value of Human Capital, 1986-2001 (WP 03/35)
Working paper
Workplace Skills, Technology Adoption and Firm Productivity: A Review (WP 04/16)
Working paper
Youth Minimum Wage Reform and the Labour Market (WP 04/03)
Working paper

J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies

A Practical Approach to Well-being Based Policy Development: What Do New Zealanders Want from Their Retirement Income Policies? (WP 15/14)
Working paper
Health and Retirement of Older New Zealanders (WP 12/02)
Working paper
Healthy, Wealthy and Working: Retirement Decisions of Older New Zealanders (WP 10/02)
Working paper
Household Saving Behaviour in New Zealand: A Cohort Analysis (WP 01/18)
Working paper
Household Saving Behaviour in New Zealand: Why do Cohorts Behave Differently? (WP 03/32)
Working paper
Housing in the Household Portfolio and Implications for Retirement Saving: Some Initial Finding from SOFIE (WP 07/04)
Working paper
KiwiSaver and the Accumulation of Net Wealth (WP 14/22)
Working paper
Pensions, Savings and Housing: A life-cycle Framework with Policy Simulations (WP 14/14)
Working paper
Regional Economic Performance in New Zealand: How Does Auckland Compare? (WP 05/08)
Working paper
Saving for Retirement: New Evidence for New Zealand (WP 04/12)
Working paper
The Impact of Workplace and Personal Superannuation Schemes on Net Worth: Evidence from the Household Savings Survey (WP 04/08)
Working paper
Women's Retirement Incomes in New Zealand: A Household Bargaining Approach (WP 04/22)
Working paper

J30 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General

J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

Adult literacy and economic growth (WP 04/24)
Working paper
Earnings and employment in foreign-owned firms (WP 14/16)
Working paper
Education and Māori Relative Income Levels Over Time: The Mediating Effect of Occupation, Industry, Hours of Work and Locality (WP 02/17)
Working paper
Estimation of Wage Equations for New Zealand (WP 14/09)
Working paper
Ethnicity and Early Labour Market Experiences in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (WP 02/06)
Working paper
Private returns to tertiary education - How does New Zealand compare? (WP 13/10)
Working paper
Wage and Employment Rates in New Zealand from 1991 to 2001 (WP 03/13)
Working paper

J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

Work and Family Balance: An Economic View (WP 03/26)
Working paper

J38 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy

Private returns to tertiary education - How does New Zealand compare? (WP 13/10)
Working paper
The experiences of those who take parental leave within the public sector and the policies that support them (AP 18/01)
Analytical paper
Youth Minimum Wage Reform and the Labour Market (WP 04/03)
Working paper

J40 - Particular Labor Markets: General

Facts About Economic Integration: How Integrated is New Zealand with the Rest of the World? (WP 00/21)
Working paper

J58 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy

The experiences of those who take parental leave within the public sector and the policies that support them (AP 18/01)
Analytical paper

J60 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: General

Adult literacy and economic growth (WP 04/24)
Working paper
Low Wage Jobs and Pathways to Better Outcomes (WP 02/29)
Working paper
New Zealand Labour Market Dynamics: Pre- and Post-global Financial Crisis (WP 14/03)
Working paper

J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

Migration and Economic Growth: A 21st Century Perspective (WP 06/02)
Working paper
Migration and Macroeconomic Performance in New Zealand: Theory and Evidence (WP 14/10)
Working paper
Modelling Regional Labour Market Adjustment in New Zealand (WP 02/01)
Working paper
Regional Labour market Adjustment and the Movements of People: A Review (WP 01/08)
Working paper

J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion

Firm Productivity Growth and the Knowledge of New Workers (WP 22/01)
Working paper
Income and Occupational Intergenerational Mobility in New Zealand (WP 10/06)
Working paper

J63 - Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

Recent Unemployment Experience in New Zealand (WP 14/01)
Working paper
The Effect of Trial Periods in Employment on Firm Hiring Behaviour (WP 16/03)
Working paper

J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

Recent Unemployment Experience in New Zealand (WP 14/01)
Working paper
The Effect of Trial Periods in Employment on Firm Hiring Behaviour (WP 16/03)
Working paper

J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings

Evaluation of the impact of the Youth Service: Youth Payment and Young Parent Payment (WP 16/07)
Working paper

K00 - Law and Economics: General

Institutions, Firms and Economic Growth (WP 04/19)
Working paper

K11 - Property Law

Property Rights and Environmental Policy: A New Zealand Perspective (WP 03/02)
Working paper
Protection Against Government Takings: Compensation for Regulation? (WP 02/18)
Working paper
Theory vs Reality: Making Environmental Use Rights Work in New Zealand (WP 04/06)
Working paper

K14 - Criminal Law

The Impact of Sentencing on Adult Offenders' Future Employment and Re-offending - Community Work Versus Fines (WP 15/04)
Working paper

K21 - Antitrust Law

Competition Policy in Small Distant Open Economies: Some Lessons from the Economics Literature (WP 03/31)
Working paper

K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

Greening the WTO's Disputes Settlement Understanding: Opportunities and Risks (WP 01/28)
Working paper
Protection Against Government Takings: Compensation for Regulation? (WP 02/18)
Working paper
Regulatory Issues in Biosecurity (WP 01/23)
Working paper

K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

Estimating the costs of crime in New Zealand in 2003/04
Working paper

L00 - Industrial Organization: General

The Contributions from Firm Entry, Exit and Continuation to Labour Productivity Growth in New Zealand (WP 05/01)
Working paper
Toward a Model of Firm Productivity Dynamics (WP 06/11)
Working paper

L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

Geography, Trade and Growth Problems and Possibilities for the New Zealand Economy (WP 03/03)
Working paper

L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices

Changes in New Zealand's Production Structure: An Input Output Analysis (WP 03/01)
Working paper
Inter Industry Linkages in New Zealand (WP 02/09)
Working paper
New Zealand's Production Structure: An International Comparison (WP 03/16)
Working paper

L19 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other

Workplace Skills, Technology Adoption and Firm Productivity: A Review (WP 04/16)
Working paper

L20 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General

Contemporary Microeconomic Foundations for the Structure and Management of the Public Sector (WP 12/01)
Working paper

L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises

Outcomes Focussed Management in New Zealand - A Background Paper (WP 01/05)
Working paper
Review of Evidence on Broad Outcome of Public Sector Management Regime (WP 01/06)
Working paper

L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out

Contemporary Microeconomic Foundations for the Structure and Management of the Public Sector (WP 12/01)
Working paper

L38 - Public Policy

The experiences of those who take parental leave within the public sector and the policies that support them (AP 18/01)
Analytical paper

L40 - Antitrust Issues and Policies: General

Competition Policy in Small Distant Open Economies: Some Lessons from the Economics Literature (WP 03/31)
Working paper

L50 - Regulation and Industrial Policy: General

Competition Policy in Small Distant Open Economies: Some Lessons from the Economics Literature (WP 03/31)
Working paper

L51 - Economics of Regulation

Encouraging Quality Regulation: Theories and Tools (WP 03/24)
Working paper

L60 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General

Multi-Product Exporters and Product Turnover Behaviour of New Zealand Exporters (WP 09/01)
Working paper

L70 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions in New Zealand: A Minimum Disruption Approach (WP 04/25)
Working paper

N20 - Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative

Household net wealth: an international comparison (WP 01/19)
Working paper

N30 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative

Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Growth (WP 01/13)
Working paper

N35 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East

Human Capital Policies and The Distribution of Income: A Framework for Analysis and Literature Review (WP 01/03)
Working paper

N37 - Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Africa; Oceania

Estimating the Distribution of Wealth in New Zealand (WP 23/01)
Working paper

O10 - Economic Development: General

Measuring New Zealand's Productivity (WP 99/05)
Working paper

O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

Labour Force Participation and GDP in New Zealand (WP 04/07)
Working paper
The Contributions from Firm Entry, Exit and Continuation to Labour Productivity Growth in New Zealand (WP 05/01)
Working paper
Three Steps Towards More Effective Development Assistance (WP 01/26)
Working paper
Toward a Model of Firm Productivity Dynamics (WP 06/11)
Working paper

O13 - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

Encouraging Private Biodiversity - Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation on Private Land (WP 00/25)
Working paper

O15 - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

Internal Mobility in New Zealand (WP 01/04)
Working paper

O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

Options to Narrow New Zealand's Saving - Investment Imbalance (WP 14/17)
Working paper
Saving and Growth in an Open Economy (WP 01/32)
Working paper

O30 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General

O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

O40 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General

Adult literacy and economic growth (WP 04/24)
Working paper
Measuring New Zealand's Productivity (WP 99/05)
Working paper
New Zealand's Economic Growth (WP 00/09)
Working paper
The Role of R&D in Productivity Growth: The Case of Agriculture in New Zealand: 1927 to 2001 (WP 06/01)
Working paper

O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

Examining New Zealand’s increased rate of income growth between the late 1990s and 2019 (AN 23/04)
Analytical note
Growth and Volatility Regime Switching Models for New Zealand GDP Data (WP 02/08)
Working paper
Measures of Human Capital: A Review of the Literature (WP 05/10)
Working paper
Measuring Economic Growth in New Zealand (WP 02/14)
Working paper
Productivity in New Zealand 1988-2002 (WP 03/06)
Working paper
Productivity Measurement: Alternative Approaches and Estimates (WP 03/12)
Working paper
Productivity, Capital-Intensity and Labour Quality at Sector Level in New Zealand and the UK (WP 07/01)
Working paper

O49 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other

Capital Shallowness: A Problem for New Zealand? (WP 05/05)
Working paper
Migration and Economic Growth: A 21st Century Perspective (WP 06/02)
Working paper

O56 - Economywide Country Studies: Oceania

Labour Force Participation and GDP in New Zealand (WP 04/07)
Working paper
Measuring New Zealand's Productivity (WP 99/05)
Working paper
Migration and Economic Growth: A 21st Century Perspective (WP 06/02)
Working paper
New Zealand's Economic Growth (WP 00/09)
Working paper

O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

New Zealand's Production Structure: An International Comparison (WP 03/16)
Working paper

P14 - Capitalist Systems: Property Rights

Property Rights and Environmental Policy: A New Zealand Perspective (WP 03/02)
Working paper
Theory vs Reality: Making Environmental Use Rights Work in New Zealand (WP 04/06)
Working paper

P28 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment

Institutions and Decision Making for Sustainable Development (WP 02/20)
Working paper
Sustainable Development: Environment and Economic Framework Integration (WP 01/27)
Working paper

P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies

Productivity, Capital-Intensity and Labour Quality at Sector Level in New Zealand and the UK (WP 07/01)
Working paper

Q00 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General

Conserving Biodiversity - Institutions, Policies and Incentives (WP 00/26)
Working paper

Q01 - Sustainable Development

Institutions and Decision Making for Sustainable Development (WP 02/20)
Working paper
Sustainable Development: Environment and Economic Framework Integration (WP 01/27)
Working paper

Q10 - Agriculture: General

Coughing Up for Bovine Tb Control (WP 00/24)
Working paper

Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade

Regulatory Issues in Biosecurity (WP 01/23)
Working paper

Q24 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land

Protection Against Government Takings: Compensation for Regulation? (WP 02/18)
Working paper

Q28 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy

A Case Study in Devolution: The Problem of Preserving Kiwi Habitat in the Far North (WP 98/07a)
Working paper
Adaptive Governance and Evolving Solutions to Natural Resource Conflicts (WP 07/03)
Working paper
Taxes vs. Permits: Options for Price-Based Climate Change Regulation (WP 05/02)
Working paper

Q29 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other

A Case Study in Devolution: The Problem of Preserving Kiwi Habitat in the Far North (WP 98/07a)
Working paper

Q40 - Energy: General

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions in New Zealand: A Minimum Disruption Approach (WP 04/25)
Working paper

Q48 - Energy: Government Policy

Taxes vs. Permits: Options for Price-Based Climate Change Regulation (WP 05/02)
Working paper

Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming

The value of taking a portfolio approach to climate policy (AN 22/06)
Analytical note

Q58 - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

Adaptive Governance and Evolving Solutions to Natural Resource Conflicts (WP 07/03)
Working paper
The value of taking a portfolio approach to climate policy (AN 22/06)
Analytical note

R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: General

Economic Geography - Key Concepts (WP 00/12)
Working paper

R10 - General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data)

Geography and the Inclusive Economy: A Regional Perspective (WP 01/17)
Working paper

R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

Geography, Trade and Growth Problems and Possibilities for the New Zealand Economy (WP 03/03)
Working paper

R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: General

Affordability of Housing: Concepts, Measurement and Evidence (WP 06/03)
Working paper
Housing: An Analysis of Ownership and Investment Based on the Household Savings Survey (WP 06/07)
Working paper

R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand

A Simple Model of Housing Rental and Ownership with Policy Simulations (WP 09/05)
Working paper
Housing Affordability in New Zealand: Evidence from Household Surveys (WP 13/14)
Working paper

R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics

Internal Mobility in New Zealand (WP 01/04)
Working paper
Modelling Regional Labour Market Adjustment in New Zealand (WP 02/01)
Working paper
Regional Labour market Adjustment and the Movements of People: A Review (WP 01/08)
Working paper

R30 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General

Deprivation in New Zealand: Regional Patterns and Changes (WP 01/09)
Working paper

R31 - Housing Supply and Markets

A Simple Model of Housing Rental and Ownership with Policy Simulations (WP 09/05)
Working paper
Housing Affordability in New Zealand: Evidence from Household Surveys (WP 13/14)
Working paper
Housing Affordability: Lessons from the United States (WP 14/11)
Working paper

R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis

Housing Affordability in New Zealand: Evidence from Household Surveys (WP 13/14)
Working paper

R38 - Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy

A Simple Model of Housing Rental and Ownership with Policy Simulations (WP 09/05)
Working paper
Housing Affordability: Lessons from the United States (WP 14/11)
Working paper

Z00 - Other Special Topics: General

A Theoretical Framework for Operational Risk Management and Opportunity Realisation (WP 00/10)
Working paper

Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification

Institutions, Social Norms and Well-being (WP 02/12)
Working paper

E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand (WP 08/02)
Working paper

G1 - General Financial Markets

Determinants of the New Zealand Yield Curve: Domestic vs. Foreign Influences (WP 14/19)
Working paper
Financing New Zealand Superannuation (WP 01/20)
Working paper

C2 - Single Equation Models, Single Variables

An Empirical Study of Industry-Level Capital Investments in New Zealand (WP 14/04)
Working paper
New Zealand Labour Market Dynamics: Pre- and Post-global Financial Crisis (WP 14/03)
Working paper

C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models, Multiple Variables

An Empirical Study of Industry-Level Capital Investments in New Zealand (WP 14/04)
Working paper
New Zealand Labour Market Dynamics: Pre- and Post-global Financial Crisis (WP 14/03)
Working paper

E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

An Empirical Study of Industry-Level Capital Investments in New Zealand (WP 14/04)
Working paper
An Introduction to the New Zealand Treasury Model (WP 09/02)
Working paper

J1 - Demographic Economics

Demographic Change and New Zealand's Economic Growth (WP 03/04)
Working paper

D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics

H00 - Public Economics - General

Encouraging Quality Regulation: Theories and Tools (WP 03/24)
Working paper
Reducing Māori and Pacific Inequalities (WP 01/30)
Working paper
Towards an Inclusive Economy (WP 01/15)
Working paper

C5 - Econometric Modeling

Determinants of the New Zealand Yield Curve: Domestic vs. Foreign Influences (WP 14/19)
Working paper

E4 - Money and Interest Rates

Determinants of the New Zealand Yield Curve: Domestic vs. Foreign Influences (WP 14/19)
Working paper

O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth

New Zealand's Economic Growth (WP 00/09)
Working paper

D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

Household Incomes in New Zealand: The impact of the Market, Taxes and Government Spending, 1987/88-1997/98 (WP 04/20)
Working paper

H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - General

Gender Budgeting: A Useful Approach for Aotearoa New Zealand (WP 18/02)
Working paper
Household Incomes in New Zealand: The impact of the Market, Taxes and Government Spending, 1987/88-1997/98 (WP 04/20)
Working paper
Human Capital and the Inclusive Economy (WP 01/16)
Working paper

I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare - General

Reducing Māori and Pacific Inequalities (WP 01/30)
Working paper

D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

Publicly Financed Education in an Endogenous Growth Model (WP 02/24)
Working paper

H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - General

Estimating the Distribution of Wealth in New Zealand (WP 23/01)
Working paper
Gender Budgeting: A Useful Approach for Aotearoa New Zealand (WP 18/02)
Working paper
Implications of a Sugar Tax in New Zealand: Incidence and Effectiveness (WP 16/09)
Working paper
Publicly Financed Education in an Endogenous Growth Model (WP 02/24)
Working paper

H4 - Publicly Provided Goods

Determining the Discount Rate for Government Projects (WP 02/21)
Working paper
Publicly Financed Education in an Endogenous Growth Model (WP 02/24)
Working paper

D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

Institutions, Social Norms and Well-being (WP 02/12)
Working paper

C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

Economic outcomes of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) (WP 15/01)
Working paper
New Zealand Households and the 2008/09 Recession (WP 13/05)
Working paper

D6 - Welfare Economics

New Zealand Households and the 2008/09 Recession (WP 13/05)
Working paper

I1 - Health

The Employment and Income Effects of Eight Chronic and Acute Health Conditions (WP 15/15)
Working paper

I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - General

Economic outcomes of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) (WP 15/01)
Working paper
Food Expenditure and GST in New Zealand (WP 14/07)
Working paper
Gender Budgeting: A Useful Approach for Aotearoa New Zealand (WP 18/02)
Working paper
Reducing Māori and Pacific Inequalities (WP 01/30)
Working paper

A3 - Collective Works

Brain Drain or Brain Exchange? (WP 01/22)
Working paper
Go West, Young Man, Go West!? (WP 01/07)
Working paper

I2 - Education and Research Institutions

J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor

The Effects of Class Size on the Long-Run Growth in Reading Abilities and Early Adult Outcomes in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (WP 01/14)
Working paper

A1 - General Economics

Three Steps Towards More Effective Development Assistance (WP 01/26)
Working paper
Towards an Inclusive Economy (WP 01/15)
Working paper

O2 - Development Planning and Policy

Towards an Inclusive Economy (WP 01/15)
Working paper

R1 - General Regional Economics

Towards an Inclusive Economy (WP 01/15)
Working paper

L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

Calm After the Storm? Supply-side Contributions to New Zealand's GDP Volatility Decline (WP 01/33)
Working paper

J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

Human Capital and the Inclusive Economy (WP 01/16)
Working paper

H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

Implications of a Sugar Tax in New Zealand: Incidence and Effectiveness (WP 16/09)
Working paper

O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

New Zealand's Productivity Performance: Taking a Broader View (AN 22/05)
Analytical note

D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design

The Impact of Sentencing on Adult Offenders' Future Employment and Re-offending - Community Work Versus Fines (WP 15/04)
Working paper

C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology, Computer Programs

A Rough Guide to New Zealand's Longitudinal Business Database (AP 16/02)
Analytical paper

G51 - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

Insights from New Zealand child poverty data (AN 22/04)
Analytical note
Trends in the household income distribution: 2007-2021 (AN 23/01)
Analytical note