Skip to main content
Skip to navigation
Back to top anchor
The Treasury New Zealand
Page url
Home
Blog
Careers
Contact Us
Media
Open main menu
Close main menu
Open search
Close search
Search by keyword
Search by keyword
About the Treasury
Who we are
Our story
Our objectives and functions
Our strategy
Our key documents
Performance Improvement Framework
Our Ministers
Our history
List of Secretaries to the Treasury
Our team
Our governance
Our leadership team
Our structure
Alumni
Our work
Supporting the government
Legislation we administer
Portfolio of companies and entities
Academic linkages and research
Education & community
Tertiary Challenge
Tertiary Challenge 2018
The task
Timeline
Prizes
Terms and conditions of entry
Entry criteria
Winner and finalists
Previous winners of the Tertiary Challenge
Schools challenge
Schools challenge 2018
Terms and conditions 2018
School visits
Key relationships
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
APEC 2006 Viet Nam: Public Sector Governance Seminar Furama Hotel, Da Nang, 10 September 2006
APEC Pensions & Annuities Markets - 8-9 Nov 2007 - Singapore - Treasury Seminars - Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Draft Agenda - APEC Pensions & Annuities Markets 8-9 Nov 2007 - Singapore
Economic Committee
New Zealand Chair 2007/08
Finance Ministers' Process
Investment Experts Group
Savings Policy Workshop: A Dialogue on Savings and Capital Market Development Melia Hotel, Hanoi, 1 September 2006
Speakers' Biographies - APEC Pensions & Annuities Markets 8-9 Nov 2007 - Singapore
Strengthening Economic and Legal Infrastructural Coordinating Group
Treasury Seminars at APEC
Trans-Tasman Council on Banking Supervision
Relationship with the RBNZ
Council of Financial Regulators
Careers
Why the Treasury?
Who are we looking for?
Graduate and intern opportunities
Graduate programme key dates
Join our graduate programme
Graduate programme streams
The Policy, Performance and Advisory Stream
The Macroeconomic Stream
The Capital and Commercial Stream
How to apply for our Graduate Programme
Intern opportunities
How to apply to be a Summer Intern
Our interns
Moving to Aotearoa/New Zealand
Information and services
Financial management and advice
Budgets & forecasts
Matai - the Treasury's new macroeconomic forecasting model
Fiscal strategy
Fiscal strategy model
Revenue & expenditure
Government 2018 Revenue Strategy
Revenue effects of tax changes
Revenue Effect of Changes to Key Tax Rates, Bases and Thresholds for 2019/20
Who pays income tax… and how much?
Tax Outturn Data
What We Earn
Tax and Welfare Analysis (TAWA) Model
Investment
Assets & liabilities
New Zealand Superannuation (NZS)
What We Own
Asset Sales - Historical Information
Notes on Each Sale
Debt management
Supporting exporters
Public sector leadership
Public sector performance
Guidance
Strategic thinking and planning
Planning
Appropriations and Reportable Outputs
Public Finance Act provisions for establishing a multi-category appropriation
Overview guidance on the administration and use of appropriations
Administration and Use of Appropriations: Technical Guidance for Departments
Who reports against appropriations?
Better Business Cases - Investing for Change for Better Value
Costing Political Party Policies During Government Formation
Developing a Cost Recovery Proposal
Implementation, management, monitoring
Guidance for Entities
Monitoring SOE's and Crown entities and departments
Policy advice
Reporting: Financial
Accounting Policies
Crown Reporting Requirements
Accounting Guidance
Capital Charge
Discount Rates
Risk-free Discount Rates and CPI Assumptions
Accounting Standards
New Zealand International Financial Reporting Standards 2007-2014
Public Sector PBE Standards - Comparison to NZ IFRS (PBE)
Transition to Public Benefit Entity (PBE) Standards
Draft Disclosure for FRS 41
Guidance for For-Profit Entities
Guidance for Public Benefit Entities Reporting Under Crown Accounting Policies and PBE Standards
Overview of the Public Sector PBE Standards
Project Timetable
Public Benefit Entities (PBE)
CFISnet Registration
Treasury Data and Analytics (Tadaa) registration
Applying a wellbeing approach to agency planning and performance reporting
Treasury instructions
Treasury circulars
Reporting: Performance
Departments and Offices of Parliament
Internal Controls
History of Internal Control Assurance
Funding and Financing Framework
Investment management
Investment Management System roles and requirements
Investment intentions
Investment planning
Risk Profile Assessment and Strategic Assessment
The Treasury's CBAx Tool
Expediting business cases
Investment delivery
Investment realisation
Gateway Reviews
Types of investment review
Gateway training
Becoming a Gateway reviewer
Better Business Cases
Indicative and Programme Business Cases
Detailed Business Case
Single-stage Business Case
Implementation Business Case
Additional Better Business Case guidance
Better Business Cases for Agile projects
Investment Logic Mapping
Approaches to sensitivity analysis
Techniques to quantify risk and uncertainty
Better Business Cases training
Review of BBC and Gateway Frameworks
Investment Management System reporting
Quarterly Investment Reporting
Gateway review findings
Investor Confidence Rating
Major Projects Performance Reports
Chief Executive Annual Attestations
Cross-agency initiatives
Social investment
How Social Investment Works
The Role of Data in Social Investment
Budget 2015 Request for Information
Cost Benefit Analysis for Social Investments
Case Studies
Better Public Services
Better Public Services (BPS) Seed Fund
Cross-Agency Funding Framework
Asset performance reporting
Departmental Internal Control Evaluation (DICE)
Policy Advice
Public Finance Reform
Baseline Reviews
Office of the Government Accountant
Government Finance Profession
Rokia te Pūtea & Tagata Moana Finance Networks
Rokia te Pūtea - Māori Finance Network
Tagata Moana - Pacific Finance Network
The Finance Capability Framework
Interdepartmental executive boards
Border Executive Board
Climate Change Chief Executives Board
Digital Executive Board
Executive Board for the Elimination of Family Violence and Sexual Violence
Public Finance System
Partnerships
Market-led Proposals
Strategic Leasing Guidance
Public Private Partnerships
NZ economy
Higher living standards
Our Living Standards Framework
Sharing our experience of using the LSF
A wellbeing approach to cost benefit analysis
He Ara Waiora
Using the LSF and He Ara Waiora
Measuring wellbeing: the LSF Dashboard
History of the LSF
Productivity
Productivity Commission (2011 - 2024)
Infrastructure
Infrastructure Ministers
Infrastructure System Reform
New Infrastructure Funding Tool
Other Government Agencies
Infrastructure agencies
NZ Infrastructure Commission - Background Documents
Media Statements & Speeches
Historical infrastructure documents
Improving Infrastructure Funding and Financing
Reviewing New Zealand's macroeconomic frameworks
Macroeconomic Workshop: Fiscal and Monetary Policy in the wake of COVID-19
Climate Change
The Climate Emergency Response Fund
North Island Weather Event Response and Recovery Funding
Depositor Compensation Scheme
Pacific contribution to the economy
Future of Work Tripartite Forum
COVID-19 economic response
Commentary from the Treasury
COVID-19 information releases
COVID-19 economic response measures
Business Finance Guarantee scheme
Overview of the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund (CRRF)
COVID-19 Response and Recovery Funding - Key terms
COVID-19 Response and Recovery Funding - Allocation
COVID-19 Response and Recovery Funding - Expenditure
COVID-19 Response and Recovery - What has been achieved?
Business Finance Guarantee Dashboards
Company and entity performance advice
Portfolio of companies and entities
Current directors
Types of companies and entities
Southern Response Independent Oversight Committee
Board appointments
What we look for
Application process
Terms of appointment
Appointment-only entities
How the Treasury provides performance advice
Framework for commercial and policy functions
Regulation
Regulatory Management System Overview
Regulatory management strategy
Regulatory Institutions and Practices Report
Regulatory timeline
Regulatory stewardship
Good regulatory practice
Keeping regulation fit for purpose
Best practice regulation
Regulatory System Reporting
Statutes repeal
Information for regulators
Regulatory excellence award
Systems we steward
The Overseas Investment Regulatory System
Regulated parties and key stakeholders
System monitoring and evaluation
Natural Hazards Commission Regulatory System
Regulated parties and key stakeholders
System monitoring and evaluation
The Reserve Bank's Institutional Regime
Regulated parties and key stakeholders
System monitoring and evaluation
Impact analysis
Quality assurance of RIA
RIA review
Quality of RIS
Regulatory standards bill
Turning Policy Into Legislation
Treasury’s Role in Regulatory Management
Other services
North Island Weather Events Loan Guarantee Scheme
Unclaimed money
Trust money transferred to the Crown
Bona vacantia (ownerless) property
Frequently asked questions
Property of a company removed from the Companies Register
Standard Requirements
Bona Vacantia Money
Easements
Encumbrances
Land
Leases
Liens
Mortgages
Resource Consents
Shares
Trade Marks and Other Intellectual Property
Notices of vesting
Make an official information request
Engage with us on social media
News and events
News
Media statements
Our events
Guest lectures
Guide for invited lecturers
Lockups & technical briefings
Speeches
Reviews & consultation
Consultation on Financial and Levy Settings for NHI Scheme
Hira Forest consultation
Consultation on the Scope of the Treasury's Long-Term Insights Briefing
Second Stage Consultation on Statement of Funding Approach
Consultation on review of complaint procedure decisions made by EQC
Funding strategy for Depositor Compensation Scheme
Residential insurance and climate-related hazards
Overseas Investment Act 2005 Forestry Review
Consulting on long-term fiscal challenges
Earthquake Commission Act 1993
Earthquake Commission Act - Submissions Received
Establishing an Independent Fiscal Institution
Public Finance Act 1989
Reform of Overseas Investment Act
Reviewing the Reserve Bank Act
Deposit Takers Bill
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 2021
RBNZ Amendment Act
Proactive releases, speeches and announcements
Weather Forecasting System Review
Publications
Budgets
Budget 2025
Budget 2024
Current and past Budgets
Forecasts
Vote information 1998 to 2024
Notes to the Historical Vote Information
Budget information releases
Financial statements of the Government
Month end financial statements
Year end financial statements
The Treasury’s stewardship reports
Investment statements
Long-term fiscal position
He Tirohanga Mokopuna (2021)
He Tirohanga Mokopuna (2016)
Affording Our Future (2013)
Long-term fiscal model
Long-term insights briefings
Wellbeing reports
Research and commentary
Research papers A-Z
JEL classification A-Z
Subject A-Z
Author A-Z
Fortnightly Economic Updates
Rangitaki: Staff Insights Blog
Contacting authors
Analytical Notes
Working Papers
Treasury Papers
Modelling and data tools
Discontinued series
Productivity Commission working papers and research papers (2013-2024)
Analytical Papers (2015-2023)
Discussion Papers (Living Standards Framework series) (2018-2021)
Productivity Papers (2008-2010)
Policy Perspectives Papers (2005-2009)
Monthly Economic Indicators (2008-2020)
New Zealand Economic and Financial Overviews (1997-2016)
New Zealand Activity Index (2020-2021)
Regional Activity Indices (2021)
Email alerts for new research papers
Disclaimer for research and commentary publications
Corporate documents
Annual reports
Strategic intentions
Four-year plan
Speeches
Media statements
Briefings to incoming ministers
Inclusion, diversity, and equity plan
Guidance
Treasury instructions
Treasury circulars
Glossary
View points
Legislation
Regulatory impact statements
Departmental disclosure statements
Other official information
Responses to OIA requests
Official Information Act (OIA) Statistics
Information releases
Guarantees information collection
Cabinet material released by Treasury Ministers
2025 Cabinet material
2024 Cabinet material
2023 Cabinet material
2022 Cabinet material
2021 Cabinet material
2020 Cabinet material
2019 Cabinet material
Titles of advice to the Minister Responsible for the Earthquake Commission
Titles of advice to the Minister of Finance
Upcoming issues briefings
Calendar of upcoming releases
Summary economy data
Publication search
Treasury A-Z
About the Treasury
Who we are
Our story
Our objectives and functions
Our strategy
Our key documents
Our Ministers
Our history
List of Secretaries to the Treasury
Our team
Our governance
Our leadership team
Our structure
Alumni
Our work
Supporting the government
Legislation we administer
Portfolio of companies and entities
Academic linkages and research
Education & community
Tertiary Challenge
Schools challenge
School visits
Key relationships
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Trans-Tasman Council on Banking Supervision
Relationship with the RBNZ
Council of Financial Regulators
Careers
Why the Treasury?
Who are we looking for?
Graduate and intern opportunities
Graduate programme key dates
Join our graduate programme
Intern opportunities
Moving to Aotearoa/New Zealand
Information and services
Financial management and advice
Budgets & forecasts
Matai - the Treasury's new macroeconomic forecasting model
Fiscal strategy
Fiscal strategy model
Revenue & expenditure
Government 2018 Revenue Strategy
Revenue effects of tax changes
Tax Outturn Data
What We Earn
Tax and Welfare Analysis (TAWA) Model
Investment
Assets & liabilities
New Zealand Superannuation (NZS)
What We Own
Debt management
Supporting exporters
Public sector leadership
Public sector performance
Guidance
Strategic thinking and planning
Planning
Implementation, management, monitoring
Reporting: Financial
Reporting: Performance
Departments and Offices of Parliament
Internal Controls
Funding and Financing Framework
Investment management
Investment Management System roles and requirements
Investment intentions
Investment planning
Investment delivery
Investment realisation
Gateway Reviews
Better Business Cases
Review of BBC and Gateway Frameworks
Investment Management System reporting
Cross-agency initiatives
Social investment
Better Public Services
Asset performance reporting
Departmental Internal Control Evaluation (DICE)
Policy Advice
Public Finance Reform
Baseline Reviews
Office of the Government Accountant
Government Finance Profession
Interdepartmental executive boards
Border Executive Board
Climate Change Chief Executives Board
Digital Executive Board
Executive Board for the Elimination of Family Violence and Sexual Violence
Public Finance System
Partnerships
Market-led Proposals
Strategic Leasing Guidance
Public Private Partnerships
NZ economy
Higher living standards
Our Living Standards Framework
He Ara Waiora
Using the LSF and He Ara Waiora
Measuring wellbeing: the LSF Dashboard
History of the LSF
Productivity
Productivity Commission (2011 - 2024)
Infrastructure
Infrastructure Ministers
Infrastructure System Reform
New Infrastructure Funding Tool
Other Government Agencies
Infrastructure agencies
Media Statements & Speeches
Historical infrastructure documents
Improving Infrastructure Funding and Financing
Reviewing New Zealand's macroeconomic frameworks
Macroeconomic Workshop: Fiscal and Monetary Policy in the wake of COVID-19
Climate Change
The Climate Emergency Response Fund
North Island Weather Event Response and Recovery Funding
Depositor Compensation Scheme
Pacific contribution to the economy
Future of Work Tripartite Forum
COVID-19 economic response
Commentary from the Treasury
COVID-19 information releases
COVID-19 economic response measures
Overview of the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund (CRRF)
Business Finance Guarantee Dashboards
Company and entity performance advice
Portfolio of companies and entities
Current directors
Types of companies and entities
Southern Response Independent Oversight Committee
Board appointments
What we look for
Application process
Terms of appointment
Appointment-only entities
How the Treasury provides performance advice
Framework for commercial and policy functions
Regulation
Regulatory Management System Overview
Regulatory management strategy
Regulatory Institutions and Practices Report
Regulatory timeline
Regulatory stewardship
Good regulatory practice
Keeping regulation fit for purpose
Information for regulators
Regulatory excellence award
Systems we steward
The Overseas Investment Regulatory System
Natural Hazards Commission Regulatory System
The Reserve Bank's Institutional Regime
Impact analysis
Quality assurance of RIA
RIA review
Regulatory standards bill
Turning Policy Into Legislation
Treasury’s Role in Regulatory Management
Other services
North Island Weather Events Loan Guarantee Scheme
Unclaimed money
Trust money transferred to the Crown
Bona vacantia (ownerless) property
Frequently asked questions
Property of a company removed from the Companies Register
Standard Requirements
Notices of vesting
Make an official information request
Engage with us on social media
News and events
News
Media statements
Our events
Guest lectures
Guide for invited lecturers
Lockups & technical briefings
Speeches
Reviews & consultation
Consultation on Financial and Levy Settings for NHI Scheme
Hira Forest consultation
Consultation on the Scope of the Treasury's Long-Term Insights Briefing
Second Stage Consultation on Statement of Funding Approach
Consultation on review of complaint procedure decisions made by EQC
Funding strategy for Depositor Compensation Scheme
Residential insurance and climate-related hazards
Overseas Investment Act 2005 Forestry Review
Consulting on long-term fiscal challenges
Earthquake Commission Act 1993
Earthquake Commission Act - Submissions Received
Establishing an Independent Fiscal Institution
Public Finance Act 1989
Reform of Overseas Investment Act
Reviewing the Reserve Bank Act
Deposit Takers Bill
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 2021
RBNZ Amendment Act
Proactive releases, speeches and announcements
Weather Forecasting System Review
Publications
Budgets
Budget 2025
Budget 2024
Current and past Budgets
Forecasts
Vote information 1998 to 2024
Notes to the Historical Vote Information
Budget information releases
Financial statements of the Government
Month end financial statements
Year end financial statements
The Treasury’s stewardship reports
Investment statements
Long-term fiscal position
He Tirohanga Mokopuna (2021)
He Tirohanga Mokopuna (2016)
Affording Our Future (2013)
Long-term fiscal model
Long-term insights briefings
Wellbeing reports
Research and commentary
Research papers A-Z
JEL classification A-Z
Subject A-Z
Author A-Z
Fortnightly Economic Updates
Rangitaki: Staff Insights Blog
Contacting authors
Analytical Notes
Working Papers
Treasury Papers
Modelling and data tools
Discontinued series
Productivity Commission working papers and research papers (2013-2024)
Analytical Papers (2015-2023)
Discussion Papers (Living Standards Framework series) (2018-2021)
Productivity Papers (2008-2010)
Policy Perspectives Papers (2005-2009)
Monthly Economic Indicators (2008-2020)
New Zealand Economic and Financial Overviews (1997-2016)
New Zealand Activity Index (2020-2021)
Regional Activity Indices (2021)
Email alerts for new research papers
Disclaimer for research and commentary publications
Corporate documents
Annual reports
Strategic intentions
Four-year plan
Speeches
Media statements
Briefings to incoming ministers
Inclusion, diversity, and equity plan
Guidance
Treasury instructions
Treasury circulars
Glossary
View points
Legislation
Regulatory impact statements
Departmental disclosure statements
Other official information
Responses to OIA requests
Official Information Act (OIA) Statistics
Information releases
Guarantees information collection
Cabinet material released by Treasury Ministers
2025 Cabinet material
2024 Cabinet material
2023 Cabinet material
2022 Cabinet material
2021 Cabinet material
2020 Cabinet material
2019 Cabinet material
Titles of advice to the Minister Responsible for the Earthquake Commission
Titles of advice to the Minister of Finance
Upcoming issues briefings
Calendar of upcoming releases
Summary economy data
Publication search
Treasury A-Z
Home
Publications
Response to official information request
Cost efficiency of ETS (OIA-20220181)
Publication type
:
Response to official information request
Status
:
Current
Response date
:
Tuesday, 19 July 2022
Issue date
:
Friday, 5 August 2022
Corporate author
:
The Treasury
Viewpoint
:
The Treasury
Additional details
Publication category
:
Official information
Copyright
:
© Crown Copyright, Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Last updated
:
Friday, 5 August 2022
Formats and related files
Cost efficiency of ETS (OIA-20220181)
PDF
1.68 MB
Previous
Next
