Appendix B: Variable dictionary
| Explanatory variables | Description | Question | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Working | True if participant is working (full-time or part-time) | Q74 | |
| Male | True if participant is male | Q64 | |
| Health | |||
| Physical | Physical index | Q1-22 | Based on US methodology |
| Mental | Mental index | Q1-22 | Based on US methodology |
| HealthAverage | Average of the two health indices | ||
| Age | |||
| AgeNorm | Age of participant minus 65 | Q63 | Some imputation based on year of birth |
| Age65 | True if participant is 65 or more | Q63 | |
| Ethnicity | Default is NZ European | ||
| Māori | True if participant is Māori | Q66 | |
| Other | True if participant is not European nor Māori | Q66 | |
| YearsinNZ | Number of years in New Zealand | Q67b | Age if NZ born, years in NZ if not NZ born |
| UrbanMain | True if participant lives in a main urban area | Q71 | Default is rural |
| UrbanOther | True if participant lives in another urban area | Q71 | |
| Education | Default is no education | ||
| EduSecond | True if highest achieved qualification is secondary | Q72 | Default is no education |
| EduTertiary | True if highest achieved qualification is tertiary | Q73 | |
| Marriage Status | Default is married/partnered with a non-working spouse | ||
| Separated | True if participant is separated | Q65 | |
| Widow | True if participant is a widow/widower | Q65 | |
| Never | True if participant was never married | Q65 | |
| MWSP | True if participant is married and spouse is working | Q65 | |
| Benefit | |||
| OnBenefit | True if participant receives a benefit | Q78 | |
| OnSuper | True if participant receives NZ Super | Q78 | |
| OnSuperOther | True if participant receives other super | Q78 | |
| Super | True if participant has a super scheme | Q81a,b | |
| Dependants0 | Number of financial dependants | Q69 | If no information provided, assume no dependants |
| Stopwork | True if participant plans to stop working entirely on retirement | Q55 | |
| Attitudes to Retirement | |||
| ResHealth | True if participant considers own health as important retirement factor | Q58a | True if responded either “Very important” or “Moderately important” to question |
| ResFamHealth | True if participant considers family health as important retirement factor | Q58b | True if responded either “Very important” or “Moderately important” to question |
| ResPositive | True if participant considers the positive benefits of retirement important | Q59a-h | True if responded “Very important” or “Moderately important” on average |
| ResNegative | True if participant considers the negative benefits of retirement important | Q60a-f | True if responded “Very important” or “Moderately important” on average |
| Income | |||
| LogIncome | Log(NewIncome+1)[33] | ||
| LogWealth | Log(NewTotalWealth+1) | ||
| LogOtherIncome | Log(NewOtherIncome+1) | Q80 | Household income of people other than participant |
| Disease | |||
| Smoker | True if the participant considers themselves a regular smoker | Q22a | |
| Adisease | True if the participant has a chronic illness | Q12 |
| Explanatory variables | Obs | Type | Mean | Median | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working | 5339 | Binary | 0.7231958 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 5339 | Continuous | 0.490898 | 0 | 1 |
| Health | |||||
| Physical | 5339 | Continuous | 49.0238 | 51.4692 | 12.00142 |
| Mental | 5339 | Continuous | 53.31684 | 55.94527 | 9.410233 |
| HealthAverage | 5339 | Binary | 51.17032 | 53.17675 | 8.314747 |
| Age | |||||
| AgeNorm | 5339 | Continuous | -4.01582 | -5 | 8 |
| Age65 | 5339 | Binary | 0.2702343 | 0 | 1 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Māori | 5339 | Binary | 0.0737732 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 5339 | Binary | 0.2260775 | 0 | 0 |
| YearsinNZ | 5325 | Continuous | 52.163 | 58 | 16 |
| UrbanMain | 5245 | Binary | 0.5328133 | 1 | 1 |
| UrbanOther | 5245 | Binary | 0.2568109 | 0 | 1 |
| Education | |||||
| EduSecond | 5278 | Binary | 0.2431213 | 0 | 0 |
| EduTertiary | 5278 | Binary | 0.4648999 | 0 | 1 |
| Marriage Status | |||||
| Separated | 5337 | Binary | 0.1209087 | 0 | 0 |
| Widow | 5337 | Binary | 0.0743705 | 0 | 0 |
| Never | 5337 | Binary | 0.0344925 | 0 | 0 |
| MWSP | 5337 | Binary | 0.4775014 | 0 | 1 |
| Benefit | |||||
| OnBenefit | 5202 | Binary | 0.1048618 | 0 | 0 |
| OnSuper | 5202 | Binary | 0.2616152 | 0 | 1 |
| OnSuperOther | 5202 | Binary | 0.0748895 | 0 | 0 |
| Super | 5339 | Binary | 0.7437557 | 1 | 1 |
| Dependants0 | 5339 | Continuous | 0.6758815 | 0 | 1 |
| Stopwork | 5171 | Binary | 0.2203502 | 0 | 0 |
| Attitudes to Retirement | |||||
| ResHealth | 5339 | Binary | 0.606861 | 1 | 1 |
| ResFamHealth | 5339 | Binary | 0.5015504 | 1 | 1 |
| ResPositive | 5185 | Binary | 0.6453614 | 1 | 1 |
| ResNegative | 5165 | Binary | 0.2883647 | 0 | 1 |
| Income | |||||
| LogIncome | 5054 | Continuous | 4.755994 | 4.838855 | 0.522388 |
| LogWealth | 5093 | Continuous | 2.080659 | 2.574455 | 1.556418 |
| LogOtherIncome | 5054 | Continuous | 3.625928 | 4.533688 | 0.9004941 |
| Disease | |||||
| Smoker | 5339 | Binary | 0.1210137 | 0 | 0 |
| Adisease | 5339 | Binary | 0.5077962 | 1 | 1 |
| Name | Description | Question | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Response variables – Linear regression | |||
| TotalWealth | Sum of assets | Q81c | Values are set to zero if some values missing |
| Income | Household Income | Q79, Q80 | |
| ELSI | Economic Living Standards Index Short Form Score | Q82–85 | |
| Cost | Number of items that a person has taken cost measures for | Q85 | |
| Retirement Age | Age person plans to retire | Q50 | Set to missing if participant is older than given age |
| Response variables – Logit regression | |||
| Enough | True if participant considers they have enough basic income | Q84c | |
| Response variables – Logit regression, with subgroup analysis by working/retired | |||
| StdLiving | True if participant rates their material standard of living as not low | Q84a | Includes high, fairly high and medium |
| LivingChange | True if participant expects their living standards to not decrease | Q54 | Includes increases and stays the same |
| EnoughIncome | True if participant considers they have enough income for retirement | Q56f | Includes increases and stays the same |
| Ready to Retire | True if participant has positive expectation to adjustment to retirement | Q56g–i | Includes increases and stays the same |
| Satisfied | True if participant is satisfied with current material standard of living | Q84b | |
| Retirement Years | True if participant thinks retirement will not be worse than working | Q61e | Includes better and same |
| Response variables – Logit regression, with subgroup analysis by male/female | |||
| Retired | True if participant is retired | Q74 | |
| AtWork62 | True if participant likely to be retired at age 62 | Q48a | If responded, but age is older, set to missing |
| AtWork65 | True if participant likely to be retired at age 65 | Q48b | If responded, but age is older, set to missing |
| Name | Obs | Type | Mean | Median | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response variables – Linear regression | |||||
| TotalWealth | 5093 | Continuous | 608.4677 | 374.3661 | 735.2017 |
| Income | 5054 | Continuous | 96852.25 | 69000 | 83960 |
| ELSI | 4774 | Continuous | 23.48604 | 25 | 7 |
| Cost | 5294 | Continuous | 1.348387 | 1.25 | 0.5 |
| Retirement Age | 3049 | Continuous | 66.86052 | 65 | 5 |
| Response variables – Logit regression | |||||
| Enough | 5339 | Binary | 0.8442669 | 1 | 0 |
| Response variables – Logit regression, with subgroup analysis by working/retired | |||||
| StdLiving | 5274 | Binary | 0.9279173 | 1 | 0 |
| LivingChange | 4979 | Binary | 0.5335795 | 1 | 1 |
| EnoughIncome | 5339 | Binary | 0.586096 | 1 | 1 |
| Ready to Retire | 5189 | Binary | 0.7949379 | 1 | 0 |
| Satisfied | 5288 | Binary | 0.7640398 | 1 | 0 |
| Retirement Years | 5149 | Binary | 0.8223631 | 1 | 0 |
| Response variables – Logit regression, with subgroup analysis by male/female | |||||
| Retired | 5339 | Binary | 0.2768042 | 0 | 1 |
| AtWork62 | 2919 | Binary | 0.5950647 | 1 | 1 |
| AtWork65 | 3838 | Binary | 0.4852247 | 0 | 1 |
Notes
- [33]The addition of 1 to these variables is to circumvent taking the logarithm of zero.
