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Appendix

Table A.1– Minimum wage rates between 1991 and 2001
Time period minimum wage in $/hour for those
  20 years of age and over under 20 years of age
1991 to April 1994 6.125 n.a.
April 1994 to April 1995 6.125 3.680
April 1995 to April 1996 6.250 3.750
April 1996 to April 1997 6.375 3.825
April 1997 to April 2000 7.000 4.200
April 2000 to April 2001 7.550 4.550

 

Table A.1– Minimum wage rates between 1991 and 2001 - continued
Time period minimum wage in $/hour for those
  18 years of age and over under 18 years of age
April 2001 to April 2002 7.700 5.400

 

Table A. 2 – Models for couples with alternative fixed cost of workinga,b
  Estimated coefficient z-valuec
Quadratic terms    
income x 100,000 -0.0127 -3.70
Labour supply husband x 100 -0.1298 -22.61
Labour supply wife x 100 -0.3199 -17.80
Crossproduct    
Inc. & lab. Sup. Husband x 10,000 -0.2143 -10.94
Inc. & lab. Sup. Wife x 10,000 -0.2956 -14.45
labour supply Husband & wife x 100 -0.0170 -2.34
Linear terms    
Income x 100    
constant 0.5324 28.52
Number of children -0.0161 -6.88
Labour supply husband    
constant -0.0319 -2.59
Youngest child <1 yr old 0.0042 1.42
Youngest child 1-3 yrs old 0.0039 1.56
Youngest child 4-5 yrs old 0.0002 0.06
Youngest child 6-9 yrs old 0.0026 0.98
Number of children 0.0006 0.86
Age/10 0.0483 9.04
Age squared/100 -0.0066 -10.13
Vocational education 0.0163 9.41
Certificate 0.0122 5.91
Bursary/scholarship 0.0129 4.38
Postgraduate degree/other 0.0124 2.45
Bachelor degree 0.0174 5.92
Postgraduate 0.0200 4.39
Vocational education (partner) 0.0018 0.88
Certificate (partner) 0.0076 4.10
Bursary/scholarship (partner) 0.0108 4.32
Postgraduate degree/other (partner) 0.0018 0.34
Bachelor degree (partner) 0.0009 0.28
Postgraduate (partner) -0.0157 -3.17
Time trend 0.0009 2.10
Unemployment rate -0.0016 -2.81
Aged 60 or over -0.0077 -2.08
Eligible for New Zealand Superannuation -0.0227 -4.97
Partner is eligible for New Zealand Superannuation -0.0104 -1.78
Labour supply wife    
constant 0.1723 9.17
Youngest child <1 yr old -0.0796 -25.36
Youngest child 1-3 yrs old -0.0608 -25.44
Youngest child 4-5 yrs old -0.0439 -14.33
Youngest child 6-9 yrs old -0.0247 -9.71
Number of children -0.0094 -9.64
Age/10 0.0418 7.78
Age squared/100 -0.0068 -9.91
Vocational education 0.0211 10.80
Certificate 0.0138 7.35
Bursary/scholarship 0.0171 7.03
Postgraduate degree/other 0.0289 6.03
Bachelor degree 0.0316 11.29
Postgraduate 0.0440 9.97
Vocational education (partner) -0.0073 -4.11
Certificate (partner) -0.0032 -1.47
Bursary/scholarship (partner) -0.0028 -1.04
Postgraduate degree/other (partner) -0.0112 -2.30
Bachelor degree (partner) -0.0168 -6.33
Postgraduate (partner) -0.0198 -5.39
Table A.2 – Continued a,b
  Estimated coefficient z-valuec
Labour supply wife    
Time trend 0.0006 1.44
Unemployment rate -0.0009 -1.22
Aged 60 or over -0.0027 -0.48
Eligible for New Zealand Superannuation -0.0254 -2.72
Partner is eligible for New Zealand Superannuation -0.0034 -0.88
Fixed cost husband/100    
0-10 hours 7.2060 22.01
11-20 hours 7.5002 22.43
21-30 hours 7.6978 23.47
Fixed cost wife/100    
0-10 hours 9.3387 22.87
11-20 hours 11.8440 19.43
21-30 hours 13.9671 17.84
>30 hours 13.0489 15.28
Log likelihood -29542  
  1. Six discrete points of labour supply are distinguished for each man: 0 hours for non-participants and people working less than 2.5 hours, 10 hours for people working from 2.5 to 15 hours, 20 hours for people working from 15 to 25 hours, 30 hours for people working from 25 to 35 hours, 40 hours for people working from 35 to 45 hours, and 50 hours for people working more than 45 hours. Eleven discrete points of labour supply are distinguished for each woman: 0 hours for non-participants and people working less than 2.5 hours, 5 hours for people working from 2.5 to 7.5 hours, 10 hours for people working from 7.5 to 12.5 hours, 15 hours for people working from 12.5 to 17.5 hours, 20 hours for people working from 17.5 to 22.5 hours, 25 hours for people working from 22.5 to 27.5 hours, 30 hours for people working from 27.5 to 32.5 hours, 35 hours for people working from 32.5 to 37.5 hours, 40 hours for people working from 37.5 to 42.5 hours, 45 hours for people working from 42.5 to 47.5 hours, and 50 hours for people working more than 47.5 hours.
  2. This specification does not include unobserved heterogeneity terms, because no convergence took place, with the heterogeneity terms remaining at their starting values and the other parameters at the values estimated without the unobserved heterogeneity term.
  3. The z-value indicates the level of significance of the estimated coefficients. A value of 1.96 or more means that the parameter is significantly different from zero at the 5% level at least. The higher the z-value the more precise the estimated coefficient.
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