Appendix B Sample characteristics by Qualifications
Table B.1 Income and other employment characteristics by highest educational qualification of all employed Maori males in 1986
| Highest educational qualification | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No qual. | S. Cert. | UE/SFC | Bursary | Diploma | Bachelor | Postgrad. | |
| Age | 33.28 | 28.90 | 26.66 | 28.02 | 33.16 | 33.01 | 37.02 |
| Annual income 1986 dollars | $15,053 | $15,328 | $16,197 | $17,801 | $18,577 | $23,525 | $26,606 |
| ($6,977) | ($7,262) | ($8,326) | ($9,892) | ($8,037) | ($13,354) | ($13,821) | |
| Annual income 1996 dollars | $24,732 | $25,184 | $26,611 | $29,246 | $30,522 | $38,651 | $43,712 |
| ($11,463) | ($11,932) | ($13,679) | ($16,252) | ($13,204) | ($21,939) | ($22,707) | |
| Hours worked (per week) | 41.94 | 43.34 | 44.32 | 43.36 | 44.60 | 43.25 | 49.13 |
| (12.40) | (12.57) | (11.89) | (12.12) | (11.78) | (13.04) | (14.20) | |
| Managerial/administrative occupation | 0.71% | 0.93% | 2.64% | 2.77% | 1.72% | 5.97% | 8.20% |
| Professional | 1.37% | 2.85% | 7.20% | 9.85% | 9.40% | 51.74% | 51.64% |
| Clerical | 3.07% | 7.46% | 20.56% | 26.46% | 3.75% | 11.44% | 6.56% |
| Service | 4.85% | 10.07% | 12.16% | 15.38% | 7.20% | 5.97% | 7.38% |
| Agricultural | 13.85% | 12.25% | 8.72% | 6.15% | 8.10% | 2.99% | 8.20% |
| Product./transport workers | 74.23% | 61.65% | 42.72% | 35.08% | 67.06% | 16.92% | 13.11% |
| Sales | 1.92% | 4.79% | 6.00% | 4.31% | 2.77% | 4.98% | 4.92% |
| Agriculture and fisheries industry | 13.98% | 12.97% | 9.84% | 6.77% | 9.18% | 5.47% | 9.02% |
| Mining | 1.51% | 0.99% | 0.56% | 0.62% | 1.20% | 1.00% | 0.82% |
| Manufacturing | 35.94% | 33.01% | 24.64% | 25.54% | 26.93% | 10.45% | 4.92% |
| Electricity | 2.08% | 1.44% | 1.60% | 1.85% | 4.29% | 0.50% | 0.00% |
| Construction | 14.97% | 11.23% | 7.20% | 4.00% | 17.99% | 3.98% | 3.28% |
| Wholesaling | 7.35% | 10.64% | 12.88% | 9.23% | 10.29% | 10.45% | 8.20% |
| Transportation | 10.67% | 10.64% | 11.04% | 11.08% | 10.75% | 6.97% | 4.10% |
| Finance | 0.88% | 2.40% | 6.72% | 7.38% | 1.49% | 13.43% | 10.66% |
| Social services | 12.62% | 16.69% | 25.52% | 33.54% | 17.88% | 47.76% | 59.02% |
| Married | 47.24% | 35.08% | 32.88% | 34.77% | 54.21% | 51.24% | 60.66% |
| Major urban | 57.79% | 61.23% | 68.56% | 71.08% | 61.65% | 71.14% | 72.13% |
| Semi-urban | 22.66% | 21.57% | 16.88% | 17.85% | 22.11% | 11.94% | 9.84% |
| Rural | 19.08% | 16.54% | 13.92% | 10.15% | 15.84% | 15.92% | 16.39% |
| Sample size | 17,577 | 3,338 | 1,250 | 325 | 5,916 | 201 | 122 |
Standard deviations in parentheses
| Highest educational qualification | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No qual. | S. Cert. | UE/SFC | Bursary | Diploma | Bachelor | Postgrad. | |
| Age | 33.68 | 28.70 | 25.20 | 29.03 | 32.83 | 30.38 | 34.98 |
| (11.46) | (10.09) | (8.35) | (11.07) | (11.38) | (9.09) | (9.35) | |
| Annual income 1986 dollars | $9,836 | $10,810 | $12,045 | $11,533 | $13,651 | $17,706 | $19,586 |
| ($5,083) | ($5,701) | ($5,986) | ($6,621) | ($6,993) | ($7,882) | ($13,982) | |
| Annual income 1996 dollars | $16,160 | $17,761 | $19,789 | $18,948 | $22,428 | $29,090 | $32,179 |
| ($8,351) | ($9,367) | ($9,835) | ($10,878) | ($11,489) | ($12,951) | ($22,972) | |
| Hours worked (per week) | 35.51 | 36.54 | 38.27 | 36.45 | 37.54 | 41.83 | 42.63 |
| (12.92) | (12.23) | (11.47) | (11.96) | (13.04) | (12.01) | (17.02) | |
| Managerial/administrative occupation | 0.46% | 0.63% | 1.48% | 2.27% | 0.78% | 1.69% | 3.70% |
| Professional | 3.75% | 4.60% | 8.96% | 9.66% | 34.97% | 76.27% | 55.56% |
| Clerical | 12.40% | 33.23% | 51.43% | 46.59% | 26.11% | 12.71% | 22.22% |
| Service | 27.80% | 21.18% | 15.24% | 18.18% | 13.45% | 1.69% | 9.26% |
| Agricultural | 8.01% | 5.90% | 3.32% | 2.84% | 4.06% | 1.69% | 3.70% |
| Product./transport workers | 42.58% | 27.93% | 13.11% | 14.77% | 16.12% | 1.69% | 3.70% |
| Sales | 5.01% | 6.53% | 6.46% | 5.68% | 4.52% | 4.24% | 1.85% |
| Agriculture and fisheries industry | 8.66% | 6.86% | 4.43% | 2.84% | 5.27% | 2.54% | 7.41% |
| Mining | 0.17% | 0.07% | 0.18% | 0.00% | 0.21% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Manufacturing | 35.32% | 24.89% | 15.24% | 17.05% | 14.41% | 5.08% | 1.85% |
| Electricity | 0.15% | 0.22% | 0.28% | 0.00% | 0.21% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Construction | 1.13% | 1.48% | 0.92% | 0.57% | 1.53% | 0.85% | 1.85% |
| Wholesaling | 18.52% | 21.62% | 17.17% | 14.20% | 12.27% | 6.78% | 7.41% |
| Transportation | 6.92% | 10.27% | 12.10% | 8.52% | 7.29% | 0.85% | 5.56% |
| Finance | 1.95% | 7.12% | 11.36% | 13.64% | 5.09% | 9.32% | 7.41% |
| Social services | 27.18% | 27.45% | 38.32% | 43.18% | 53.72% | 74.58% | 68.52% |
| Married | 50.88% | 40.21% | 28.81% | 38.07% | 47.95% | 35.59% | 51.85% |
| Major urban | 64.46% | 66.14% | 70.45% | 76.14% | 64.57% | 76.27% | 70.37% |
| Semi-urban | 20.67% | 19.29% | 17.73% | 9.66% | 19.35% | 11.02% | 16.67% |
| Rural | 14.66% | 14.47% | 11.63% | 12.50% | 15.76% | 11.86% | 12.96% |
| Sample size | 9,986 | 2,696 | 1,083 | 176 | 2,811 | 118 | 54 |
Standard deviations in parentheses
| Highest educational qualification | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No qual. | S. Cert. | UE/SFC | Bursary | Diploma | Bachelor | Postgrad. | |
| Age | 31.67 | 26.86 | 26.00 | 27.70 | 33.43 | 33.07 | 37.76 |
| (12.15) | (9.83) | (8.97) | (10.09) | (10.72) | (9.07) | (10.12) | |
| Annual income 1986 dollars | $15,955 | $15,699 | $16,567 | $17,280 | $20,506 | $26,726 | $30,651 |
| ($8,043) | ($8,207) | ($9,064) | ($11,246) | ($9,414) | ($12,983) | ($14,462) | |
| Annual income 1996 dollars | $26,213 | $25,793 | $27,219 | $28,390 | $33,691 | $43,910 | $50,358 |
| ($13,215) | ($13,484) | ($14,892) | ($18,477) | ($15,467) | ($21,330) | ($23,761) | |
| Hours worked (per week) | 43.80 | 44.38 | 43.67 | 43.44 | 45.68 | 44.87 | 47.25 |
| (12.44) | (11.77) | (10.93) | (13.90) | (11.65) | (12.59) | (13.67) | |
| Managerial/administrative occupation | 2.23% | 2.69% | 3.32% | 5.04% | 4.89% | 7.83% | 8.28% |
| Professional | 1.71% | 3.65% | 10.98% | 11.87% | 15.32% | 70.87% | 73.10% |
| Clerical | 4.56% | 9.21% | 24.71% | 20.86% | 4.39% | 5.65% | 4.83% |
| Service | 5.47% | 8.51% | 11.13% | 11.87% | 6.53% | 3.04% | 2.07% |
| Agricultural | 14.07% | 11.99% | 8.09% | 10.79% | 9.08% | 1.74% | 4.83% |
| Product./transport workers | 67.22% | 56.65% | 33.38% | 28.06% | 54.37% | 6.96% | 3.45% |
| Sales | 4.74% | 7.30% | 8.38% | 11.51% | 5.42% | 3.91% | 3.45% |
| Agriculture and fisheries industry | 13.58% | 11.82% | 8.67% | 10.07% | 9.49% | 2.17% | 7.59% |
| Mining | 0.92% | 0.35% | 0.29% | 0.00% | 0.53% | 0.43% | 0.00% |
| Manufacturing | 36.15% | 30.15% | 20.81% | 15.83% | 23.49% | 12.61% | 13.10% |
| Electricity | 1.38% | 1.74% | 1.30% | 2.16% | 3.04% | 0.43% | 0.00% |
| Construction | 12.42% | 11.12% | 7.66% | 6.47% | 16.59% | 2.61% | 1.38% |
| Wholesaling | 12.08% | 15.55% | 15.17% | 16.91% | 13.68% | 8.26% | 4.83% |
| Transportation | 10.00% | 10.51% | 10.26% | 11.51% | 10.51% | 3.91% | 2.07% |
| Finance | 1.50% | 3.48% | 10.40% | 13.67% | 3.37% | 27.39% | 15.17% |
| Social services | 11.99% | 15.29% | 25.43% | 23.38% | 19.30% | 42.17% | 55.86% |
| Married | 48.81% | 39.18% | 33.09% | 34.89% | 59.30% | 58.26% | 69.66% |
| Major urban | 60.64% | 63.42% | 69.51% | 76.62% | 62.83% | 76.09% | 74.48% |
| Semi-urban | 21.41% | 19.81% | 17.05% | 10.07% | 20.41% | 14.35% | 13.79% |
| Rural | 17.40% | 16.68% | 13.01% | 12.23% | 16.18% | 8.70% | 11.03% |
| Sample size | 3,270 | 1,151 | 692 | 278 | 2,435 | 230 | 145 |
Standard deviations in parentheses
